FTCE ESOL EXAM QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
1. Phonology: the way in which speech sounds form patterns; characteristics include phonemes,
pitch, and stress
2. concept maps: students learn the relationship between the different elements of a topic and how
to organize them from the most general to the most specific
3. Surface Structure: what we say or write-literal meaning of words
4. Pitch: determines the context or meaning of words or series of words
5. Stress: occurs at a "word" or "sentence" level
6. Dialect: a variety of speech characterized by its own particular grammar or
7. pronunciation: often associated with a particular geographical region
8. Phonographemics: study of letters and letter combinations
9. Phonemes: smallest units of sound in the human language, like consonants or vowels
10. Homonyms: word forms that have two or more meanings
,11. Homographs: two or more words that have same spelling or pronunciation but different
meanings, e.g. stalk (part of plant)/stalk (follow)
12. different meanings: e.g. stalk (part of plant)/stalk (follow)
13. Homophones: two or more words that have the same pronunciation but different
meanings and spelling
e.g. wood/would, cite/sight
14. Heteronyms: two or more words that have the same spelling, but have a different
pronunciation and meaning, e.g. Polish/polish.
15. Morphemic Analysis: requires breaking a word down into its component parts to
determine its meaning
16. Sociolinguistics: the study of how social conditions influence the use of language
these social factors include ethnicity, religion, gender, status, age, and education play a role in
how individuals use language
17. Morpheme: the smallest unit of language system which has meaning; these smaller
units include the root/base word, prefix, and a suflx
18. Morphology: the process of how the words of a language are formed to create
, meaningful messages
19. Underlying Principles of Morphology: 1. Morphemes may be free 2.
Knowledge of meanings of derivational morphemes 3. Provide grammatical rather that semantic
information for words and sentences (e.g. of, the, and) 4. Words can be combined to create new
compound words (e.g. keychain)
20. Pragmatics: the study of how the context impacts the interpretation of language; dictate
language choice,
body language, the degree of
21. intimacy: and how meaning is interpreted
22. Syntax: the order in which words are arranged to create meaning
23. Discourse: linguistic units composed of several sentences; derivedfrom the concept of
"discursive formation" or communication that involves specialized knowledge of various kinds
24. Standardizer: a learner who successfully integrates the new knowledge
25. Simplifier: a learner that reverts to syntactical rules learned at easierstages they fail to
integrate the new knowledge
26. Code-switching: a person who intersperses one language with another or mixing some
words, phrases, or idioms from one language with another
, 27. Empty language: has little meaning but is important in social exchanges
28. Perfunctory speech: has little meaning but is important in social exchanges
29. Basic Interpersonal Communication Skills(BICS): learners must acquire to
function in social situations
30. Cognitive Academic Language Proficiency(CALP): allows learners to
participate in informal discourses; the "language of learning"
31. Common Underlying Proficiency(CUP) Skills: ideas, and concepts that
learners can transfer from their first language to their English learning
32. Sentence: a group of words that has a subject and a predicate and expresses a complete
idea
33. Parts of speech: eight classifications for words (noun, verb, pronoun, adjective,
adverb, prepositions, interjection, conjunctions
34. Subject: tells what or whom the sentence is about
35. Predicate: makes a statement about what the subject is or does
36. Compound subject: when the subject consists o two or more pronouns, e.g.Books and
magazines filled the room.
37. Compound predicate: a predicate that contains more than one verb pertaining to the
subject, e.g. The boys walked and talked.
38. Simple sentence: an independent clause that is a complete thought consisting of a
subject and a predicate
39. Compound sentence: consists of two independent clauses joined together by a
coordinator (and, or, nor, but, for, yet, so)
40. Complex sentence: a sentence consisting of a dependent clause and an
independent clause joined together using a subordinating conjunction
41. Phrase: a group of words that does not have a subject and a predicate and cannot stand
1. Phonology: the way in which speech sounds form patterns; characteristics include phonemes,
pitch, and stress
2. concept maps: students learn the relationship between the different elements of a topic and how
to organize them from the most general to the most specific
3. Surface Structure: what we say or write-literal meaning of words
4. Pitch: determines the context or meaning of words or series of words
5. Stress: occurs at a "word" or "sentence" level
6. Dialect: a variety of speech characterized by its own particular grammar or
7. pronunciation: often associated with a particular geographical region
8. Phonographemics: study of letters and letter combinations
9. Phonemes: smallest units of sound in the human language, like consonants or vowels
10. Homonyms: word forms that have two or more meanings
,11. Homographs: two or more words that have same spelling or pronunciation but different
meanings, e.g. stalk (part of plant)/stalk (follow)
12. different meanings: e.g. stalk (part of plant)/stalk (follow)
13. Homophones: two or more words that have the same pronunciation but different
meanings and spelling
e.g. wood/would, cite/sight
14. Heteronyms: two or more words that have the same spelling, but have a different
pronunciation and meaning, e.g. Polish/polish.
15. Morphemic Analysis: requires breaking a word down into its component parts to
determine its meaning
16. Sociolinguistics: the study of how social conditions influence the use of language
these social factors include ethnicity, religion, gender, status, age, and education play a role in
how individuals use language
17. Morpheme: the smallest unit of language system which has meaning; these smaller
units include the root/base word, prefix, and a suflx
18. Morphology: the process of how the words of a language are formed to create
, meaningful messages
19. Underlying Principles of Morphology: 1. Morphemes may be free 2.
Knowledge of meanings of derivational morphemes 3. Provide grammatical rather that semantic
information for words and sentences (e.g. of, the, and) 4. Words can be combined to create new
compound words (e.g. keychain)
20. Pragmatics: the study of how the context impacts the interpretation of language; dictate
language choice,
body language, the degree of
21. intimacy: and how meaning is interpreted
22. Syntax: the order in which words are arranged to create meaning
23. Discourse: linguistic units composed of several sentences; derivedfrom the concept of
"discursive formation" or communication that involves specialized knowledge of various kinds
24. Standardizer: a learner who successfully integrates the new knowledge
25. Simplifier: a learner that reverts to syntactical rules learned at easierstages they fail to
integrate the new knowledge
26. Code-switching: a person who intersperses one language with another or mixing some
words, phrases, or idioms from one language with another
, 27. Empty language: has little meaning but is important in social exchanges
28. Perfunctory speech: has little meaning but is important in social exchanges
29. Basic Interpersonal Communication Skills(BICS): learners must acquire to
function in social situations
30. Cognitive Academic Language Proficiency(CALP): allows learners to
participate in informal discourses; the "language of learning"
31. Common Underlying Proficiency(CUP) Skills: ideas, and concepts that
learners can transfer from their first language to their English learning
32. Sentence: a group of words that has a subject and a predicate and expresses a complete
idea
33. Parts of speech: eight classifications for words (noun, verb, pronoun, adjective,
adverb, prepositions, interjection, conjunctions
34. Subject: tells what or whom the sentence is about
35. Predicate: makes a statement about what the subject is or does
36. Compound subject: when the subject consists o two or more pronouns, e.g.Books and
magazines filled the room.
37. Compound predicate: a predicate that contains more than one verb pertaining to the
subject, e.g. The boys walked and talked.
38. Simple sentence: an independent clause that is a complete thought consisting of a
subject and a predicate
39. Compound sentence: consists of two independent clauses joined together by a
coordinator (and, or, nor, but, for, yet, so)
40. Complex sentence: a sentence consisting of a dependent clause and an
independent clause joined together using a subordinating conjunction
41. Phrase: a group of words that does not have a subject and a predicate and cannot stand
