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Apuntes Neuroanatomía clínica funcional

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Apuntes de anatomía del sistema nervioso orientados a la clínica

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NEUROANATOMÍA
.
.M

CLÍNICA FUNCIONAL
G
A.




1

ÁLVARO GARCÉS MIRALLES

, .
.M
G
A.




2

ÁLVARO GARCÉS MIRALLES

,CÉLULAS DE SOSTÉN 7
MEMBRANAS DE SOSTÉN 10

TOPOGRAFÍA Y NIVELES FUNCIONALES DE LA MÉDULA ESPINAL 13
Anatomía macroscópica de la médula espinal 13
MENINGES ESPINALES 13
NERVIOS ESPINALES 16
ESTRUCTURA INTERNA DE LA MÉDULA ESPINAL 17
SUSTANCIA BLANCA 17
SUSTANCIA GRIS 17
Núcleos o columnas celulares 18
Láminas 18
DIFERENCIAS REGIONALES 19

ANATOMÍA, TOPOGRAFÍA Y NIVELES FUNCIONALES DEL TRONCO
CEREBRAL . 20
BULBO RAQUÍDEO 20
.M
PROTUBERANCIA 21
MESENCÉFALO 21
G


Bulbo raquídeo 23
A.



FORMACIÓN RETICULAR DEL TRONCO CEREBRAL 26
NIVELES FUNCIONALES DEL TRONCO CEREBRAL 26

TOPOGRAFÍA Y NIVELES FUNCIONALES DEL PROSENCÉFALO 30
DIENCÉFALO 30
TÁLAMO 31
Núcleos del tálamo 32
HIPOTÁLAMO 33
HEMISFERIO CEREBRAL 33

NEURONAS MOTORAS INFERIORES: PARÁLISIS FLÁCCIDA 37
LA UNIDAD MOTORA 37
NEURONAS MOTORAS INFERIORES DEL TRONCO CEREBRAL 38
NÚCLEO MOTOR OCULAR COMÚN Y III PAR CRANEAL 38
NÚCLEO PATÉTICO Y IV PAR CRANEAL 39
NUCLEO MOTOR DEL TRIGÉMINO Y RAIZ MOTORA DEL V PAR CRANEAL 39
NÚCLEO AMBIGUO Y RAÍCES MOTORAS DE LOS IX, X Y XI PARES CRANEALES 39

3

ÁLVARO GARCÉS MIRALLES

, NÚCLEO HIPOGLOSO Y XII PAR CRANEAL 40

PARES CRANEALES 41
NEURONAS MOTORAS INFERIORES DE LA MÉDULA ESPINAL 43

SISTEMA PIRAMIDAL: PARÁLISIS ESPÁSTICA 47
VÍA PIRAMIDAL O FASCÍCULO CORTICOSPINAL 47
FASCÍCULO CORTICOBULBAR O CORTICONUCLEAR 48
ICTUS CAPSULAR 49
LESIONES ESPINALES 50

CENTROS MOTORES DEL TRONCO CEREBRAL: POSTURA DE
DESCEREBRACIÓN Y RECUPERACIÓN DE UNA LESIÓN
POSCAPSULAR 52
NÚCLEOS VESTIBULARES 52
NÚCLEOS RETICULARES 54
NÚCLEO ROJO 54
POSTURA DESCEREBRADA Y DECORTICADA 54
.
.M
GANGLIOS BASALES: ALTERACIONES DE LOS MOVIMIENTOS 58
ENFERMEDAD DE PARKINSON 63
G

ENFERMEDAD DE HUNTINGTON 64
PARÁLISIS CEREBRAL 64
A.



CONSIDERACIONES FUNCIONALES 65
HIPERCINESIA Y NÚCLEO SUBTALÁMICO 65
HIPOCINESIA Y DOPAMINA 66
COGNICIÓN 66

CEREBELO: ATAXIA 67
CORTEZA CEREBELOSA HISTOLOGÍA 69
SISTEMA DE CIRCUITOS DE LA CORTEZA CEREBELOSA 69
NÚCLEOS CEREBELOSOS 71
LÓBULO POSTERIOR 71
LÓBULO ANTERIOR 73
LÓBULO FLOCULONODULAR 75

CORTEZA CEREBRAL: AFASIA, AGNOSIA Y APRAXIA 77
HISTOLOGÍA FUNCIONAL 78
CONEXIONES CORTICALES 79
ÁREAS FUNCIONALES 82

4

ÁLVARO GARCÉS MIRALLES

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