1v|vPv av gv e
I- HUMAN CASE STUDY FOR A 72-YEAR- v v v v v
OLD PATIENT PRESENTING WITH DYSPNEA WE
v v v v v
EK 4 LATELY UPDATED – EXPERT VALUATION
v v v v v v
Reason for Encounter:
v v
Evaluation of shortness of breath (dyspnea).
v v v v v
Patient Demographics:
v
Age: 72 years
v v
Sex: Male
v
Height: 5’8” (173 cm)
v v v
,2v|vPv av gv e
v Weight: 198 lbs (90 kg) v v v v
BMI: 30.1 kg/m² (Obese Class I)
v v v v v
Case Mode: Learning mode
v v v
Case Location: Outpatient clinic with laboratory and imaging capabilities
v v v v v v v v
Attempts Allowed: Unlimited v v
2. Chief Complaint (CC) v v
“I feel short of breath, especially when I walk or lie down.”
v v v v v v v v v v v
3. History of Present Illness (HPI)v v v v
The patient is a 72-year-old male who presents with a 2-
v v v v v v v v v v
week history of progressive dyspnea. He reports initially noticing shortness of bre
v v v v v v v v v v v
ath during exertion, such as climbing stairs or walking short distances. Over the past
v v v v v v v v v v v v v v
several days, symptoms have worsened, and he now experiences dyspnea with mini
v v v v v v v v v v v
mal activity and when lying flat at night.
v v v v v v v
Symptom characteristics: v
Onset: Gradual, 2 weeks ago v v v v
Duration: Persistent v
Course: Progressive worsening v v
Severity: Moderate to severe v v v
, 3v|vPv av gv e
Pattern: Exertional dyspnea progressing to orthopnea
v v v v v
Associated symptoms: v
o Fatigue
o Bilateral lower-extremity swelling v v
o Mild, nonproductive cough
v v
o Occasional nocturnal dyspnea v v
Negative symptoms: v
No chest pain
v v
No fever or chills
v v v
No hemoptysis
v
No wheezing at rest
v v v
No syncope
v
The patient reports sleeping on two pillows to breathe comfortably and waking at ni
v v v v v v v v v v v v v
ght with shortness of breath. He denies recent travel, prolonged immobilization, or
v v v v v v v v v v v v
known sick contacts.
v v
4. Past Medical History (PMH)
v v v
Hypertension (25 years) v v
Type 2 diabetes mellitus
v v v
Hyperlipidemia
Coronary artery disease with prior stent placement (5 years ago)
v v v v v v v v v
History of smoking (30 pack-years; quit 10 years ago)
v v v v v v v v
I- HUMAN CASE STUDY FOR A 72-YEAR- v v v v v
OLD PATIENT PRESENTING WITH DYSPNEA WE
v v v v v
EK 4 LATELY UPDATED – EXPERT VALUATION
v v v v v v
Reason for Encounter:
v v
Evaluation of shortness of breath (dyspnea).
v v v v v
Patient Demographics:
v
Age: 72 years
v v
Sex: Male
v
Height: 5’8” (173 cm)
v v v
,2v|vPv av gv e
v Weight: 198 lbs (90 kg) v v v v
BMI: 30.1 kg/m² (Obese Class I)
v v v v v
Case Mode: Learning mode
v v v
Case Location: Outpatient clinic with laboratory and imaging capabilities
v v v v v v v v
Attempts Allowed: Unlimited v v
2. Chief Complaint (CC) v v
“I feel short of breath, especially when I walk or lie down.”
v v v v v v v v v v v
3. History of Present Illness (HPI)v v v v
The patient is a 72-year-old male who presents with a 2-
v v v v v v v v v v
week history of progressive dyspnea. He reports initially noticing shortness of bre
v v v v v v v v v v v
ath during exertion, such as climbing stairs or walking short distances. Over the past
v v v v v v v v v v v v v v
several days, symptoms have worsened, and he now experiences dyspnea with mini
v v v v v v v v v v v
mal activity and when lying flat at night.
v v v v v v v
Symptom characteristics: v
Onset: Gradual, 2 weeks ago v v v v
Duration: Persistent v
Course: Progressive worsening v v
Severity: Moderate to severe v v v
, 3v|vPv av gv e
Pattern: Exertional dyspnea progressing to orthopnea
v v v v v
Associated symptoms: v
o Fatigue
o Bilateral lower-extremity swelling v v
o Mild, nonproductive cough
v v
o Occasional nocturnal dyspnea v v
Negative symptoms: v
No chest pain
v v
No fever or chills
v v v
No hemoptysis
v
No wheezing at rest
v v v
No syncope
v
The patient reports sleeping on two pillows to breathe comfortably and waking at ni
v v v v v v v v v v v v v
ght with shortness of breath. He denies recent travel, prolonged immobilization, or
v v v v v v v v v v v v
known sick contacts.
v v
4. Past Medical History (PMH)
v v v
Hypertension (25 years) v v
Type 2 diabetes mellitus
v v v
Hyperlipidemia
Coronary artery disease with prior stent placement (5 years ago)
v v v v v v v v v
History of smoking (30 pack-years; quit 10 years ago)
v v v v v v v v
