MCB 3020 EXAM 1 STUDY GUIDE
importance of microorganisms - Answers - populous and diverse, found everywhere,
role in recycling essential elements, source of nutrients, benefit society, some cause
disease (about 3%)
3 domains - Answers - Bacteria, Archaea, Eukarya
acellular infectious agents - Answers - viruses, viroids and virusoids, prions
LUCA - Answers - Archaea and Eukarya evolved independently of Bacteria
Archaea and Eukarya diverge from common ancestry
biovars - Answers - differ biochemically and physiologically
morphovars - Answers - differ morphologically
serovars - Answers - differ in antigenic properties
type strain - Answers - The first studied
coccus - Answers - circular shaped bacteria
cocobacillus - Answers - short and plump
bacillus - Answers - Rod shaped bacteria
vibrio - Answers - curved rod shaped bacteria
spirillum - Answers - stiff spiral shaped bacteria
spirochete - Answers - flexible spiral shaped bacteria
pleomorphic - Answers - organisms that are variable in shape
Staphylococci - Answers - grape-like clusters
streptococci - Answers - bacteria that form a chain
sarcina - Answers - cubical packets
tetrad - Answers - structure containing 4 chromatids that forms during meiosis
, smallest bacteria - Answers - Mycoplasma (0.3 micrometers)
size - shape relationship - Answers - rods are more efficient than cocci
SA/V - Answers - 3/r
SA to V ratio - Answers - small cells are more effective transporters
FtsZ - Answers - many bacteria; tubulin homologue. identifies center of the cell
MreB - Answers - many rods; actin homologue. gives rod shape
CreS - Answers - maintains curve shape; intermediate filament homologue. gives virbio
its shape
glycogen (storage inclusion) - Answers - glycogen
carbon (storage inclusion) - Answers - poly-b-hydroxybutyrate (PHB)
phosphate (storage inclusion) - Answers - polyphosphate (volutin)
amino acid (storage inclusion) - Answers - cyanophycin granules
gas vacuoles (inclusion) - Answers - Help bacteria maintain buoyancy
magnetosomes (inclusion) - Answers - help cells find the bottom of the ocean.
cytoskeletal protein mamK
passive diffusion - Answers - movement of substances across the membrane with the
concentration gradient; this process does not require energy
facilitated diffusion - Answers - the transport of substances through a cell membrane
along a concentration gradient with the aid of carrier proteins (uses permeases)
active transport - Answers - the movement of materials through a cell membrane using
energy against concentration gradient (involves permeases)
ATP-Binding cassette (ABC) transporters - Answers - primary active transporters,
uniporter, found in all 3 domains of life
Major Facilitator Superfamily (MFS) - Answers - secondary active transport, symport,
antiport
group translocation - Answers - chemical modification of the transported substance
driven by phosphoenolpyruvate (PEP), predominantly on facultative bacteria
importance of microorganisms - Answers - populous and diverse, found everywhere,
role in recycling essential elements, source of nutrients, benefit society, some cause
disease (about 3%)
3 domains - Answers - Bacteria, Archaea, Eukarya
acellular infectious agents - Answers - viruses, viroids and virusoids, prions
LUCA - Answers - Archaea and Eukarya evolved independently of Bacteria
Archaea and Eukarya diverge from common ancestry
biovars - Answers - differ biochemically and physiologically
morphovars - Answers - differ morphologically
serovars - Answers - differ in antigenic properties
type strain - Answers - The first studied
coccus - Answers - circular shaped bacteria
cocobacillus - Answers - short and plump
bacillus - Answers - Rod shaped bacteria
vibrio - Answers - curved rod shaped bacteria
spirillum - Answers - stiff spiral shaped bacteria
spirochete - Answers - flexible spiral shaped bacteria
pleomorphic - Answers - organisms that are variable in shape
Staphylococci - Answers - grape-like clusters
streptococci - Answers - bacteria that form a chain
sarcina - Answers - cubical packets
tetrad - Answers - structure containing 4 chromatids that forms during meiosis
, smallest bacteria - Answers - Mycoplasma (0.3 micrometers)
size - shape relationship - Answers - rods are more efficient than cocci
SA/V - Answers - 3/r
SA to V ratio - Answers - small cells are more effective transporters
FtsZ - Answers - many bacteria; tubulin homologue. identifies center of the cell
MreB - Answers - many rods; actin homologue. gives rod shape
CreS - Answers - maintains curve shape; intermediate filament homologue. gives virbio
its shape
glycogen (storage inclusion) - Answers - glycogen
carbon (storage inclusion) - Answers - poly-b-hydroxybutyrate (PHB)
phosphate (storage inclusion) - Answers - polyphosphate (volutin)
amino acid (storage inclusion) - Answers - cyanophycin granules
gas vacuoles (inclusion) - Answers - Help bacteria maintain buoyancy
magnetosomes (inclusion) - Answers - help cells find the bottom of the ocean.
cytoskeletal protein mamK
passive diffusion - Answers - movement of substances across the membrane with the
concentration gradient; this process does not require energy
facilitated diffusion - Answers - the transport of substances through a cell membrane
along a concentration gradient with the aid of carrier proteins (uses permeases)
active transport - Answers - the movement of materials through a cell membrane using
energy against concentration gradient (involves permeases)
ATP-Binding cassette (ABC) transporters - Answers - primary active transporters,
uniporter, found in all 3 domains of life
Major Facilitator Superfamily (MFS) - Answers - secondary active transport, symport,
antiport
group translocation - Answers - chemical modification of the transported substance
driven by phosphoenolpyruvate (PEP), predominantly on facultative bacteria
