CPHON Exam Questions with 100% Correct Answers Latest Graded
A+
Question:
G1
Answer:
The first gap, or growth phase, of the cell cycle, consisting of the portion of interphase before DNA
synthesis begins. Cell grows larger and produces ribosome and proteins.
Question:
S
Answer:
All 46 chromosomes are replicated in the cells nucleus
Question:
G2
Answer:
The second gap, or growth phase, of the cell cycle, consisting of the portion of interphase after
DNA synthesis occurs. DNA is condensed into rod form .
Question:
(M) Mitosis
Answer:
Mitosis. Cells physically divides into two daughter cells, each with its own nucleus and identical
chromosomes.
Question:
G0
Answer:
Resting phase and Not succeptible to chemotherapy as it in not in active cell cycle. Preforming it's
programmed function. Will either die or repair DNA.
,Question:
Cyclin dependent kinases (CDKs)
Answer:
Stimulate the cell to proceed into the next phase of the cell cycle.
Question:
Check points
Answer:
Occur at G1, G2, and Mitosis; uses chemical and physical signals to monitor the growth of cells. In
normal cells if DNA defects are found, progression through the cell cycle is halted. Errors that
cannot be repaired result in cell death (apoptosis). In cancer cells these check points may be
defective resulting in uncontrolled proliferation.
Question:
Apoptosis
Answer:
Natural cell death and removal by phagocytes. Each normal cell has a limited number of cell
divisions. Malignant cells have lost the ability to undergo apoptosis, resulting in immortalization.
Inducing apoptosis to these cells via necrosis is the goal of cancer treatments.
Question:
Proto-oncogenes
Answer:
normal cellular genes that are important regulators of normal cellular processes, they promote
growth. alterations in the expression of these cells result in oncogenes
Question:
Oncogenes
Answer:
genes that cause cancer by blocking the normal controls on cell reproduction. Activity of
oncogenes produces a constant signal for production in the cell cycle and cause the cell to grow out
of control. MYCN associated with neuroblastoma
Question:
, Tumor Supressor Gene
Answer:
A gene whose protein product inhibits cell division, thereby preventing the uncontrolled cell
growth that contributes to cancer. If these genes are damaged or absent, cells lack the appropriate
growth inhibiting factors and grow out of control. P53 gene
Question:
p53
Answer:
tumor suppressor gene. Most often mutated in cancers.
Question:
Hallmark of cancer
Answer:
Increase in genetic instability and mutation rates. Dividing malignant cells rapidly acquire gentic
changes , so tumors are similar but not identical. This means that with variability in cells one
chemotherapy agent may not be effective against all tumor cells.
Question:
Hematopoietic stem cell
Answer:
cell in the bone marrow that gives rise to all types of blood cells (neutrophils, monocytes,
lymphocytes, erythrocytes, and platelets).
Question:
Lymphoid lineage
Answer:
B cells, T cells, NK cells. B cells from the bone marrow, T cells from the thymus
Question:
myeloid lineage
Answer:
A subset of bone-marrow derived cells comprising granulocytes, monocytes, and macrophages.
A+
Question:
G1
Answer:
The first gap, or growth phase, of the cell cycle, consisting of the portion of interphase before DNA
synthesis begins. Cell grows larger and produces ribosome and proteins.
Question:
S
Answer:
All 46 chromosomes are replicated in the cells nucleus
Question:
G2
Answer:
The second gap, or growth phase, of the cell cycle, consisting of the portion of interphase after
DNA synthesis occurs. DNA is condensed into rod form .
Question:
(M) Mitosis
Answer:
Mitosis. Cells physically divides into two daughter cells, each with its own nucleus and identical
chromosomes.
Question:
G0
Answer:
Resting phase and Not succeptible to chemotherapy as it in not in active cell cycle. Preforming it's
programmed function. Will either die or repair DNA.
,Question:
Cyclin dependent kinases (CDKs)
Answer:
Stimulate the cell to proceed into the next phase of the cell cycle.
Question:
Check points
Answer:
Occur at G1, G2, and Mitosis; uses chemical and physical signals to monitor the growth of cells. In
normal cells if DNA defects are found, progression through the cell cycle is halted. Errors that
cannot be repaired result in cell death (apoptosis). In cancer cells these check points may be
defective resulting in uncontrolled proliferation.
Question:
Apoptosis
Answer:
Natural cell death and removal by phagocytes. Each normal cell has a limited number of cell
divisions. Malignant cells have lost the ability to undergo apoptosis, resulting in immortalization.
Inducing apoptosis to these cells via necrosis is the goal of cancer treatments.
Question:
Proto-oncogenes
Answer:
normal cellular genes that are important regulators of normal cellular processes, they promote
growth. alterations in the expression of these cells result in oncogenes
Question:
Oncogenes
Answer:
genes that cause cancer by blocking the normal controls on cell reproduction. Activity of
oncogenes produces a constant signal for production in the cell cycle and cause the cell to grow out
of control. MYCN associated with neuroblastoma
Question:
, Tumor Supressor Gene
Answer:
A gene whose protein product inhibits cell division, thereby preventing the uncontrolled cell
growth that contributes to cancer. If these genes are damaged or absent, cells lack the appropriate
growth inhibiting factors and grow out of control. P53 gene
Question:
p53
Answer:
tumor suppressor gene. Most often mutated in cancers.
Question:
Hallmark of cancer
Answer:
Increase in genetic instability and mutation rates. Dividing malignant cells rapidly acquire gentic
changes , so tumors are similar but not identical. This means that with variability in cells one
chemotherapy agent may not be effective against all tumor cells.
Question:
Hematopoietic stem cell
Answer:
cell in the bone marrow that gives rise to all types of blood cells (neutrophils, monocytes,
lymphocytes, erythrocytes, and platelets).
Question:
Lymphoid lineage
Answer:
B cells, T cells, NK cells. B cells from the bone marrow, T cells from the thymus
Question:
myeloid lineage
Answer:
A subset of bone-marrow derived cells comprising granulocytes, monocytes, and macrophages.
