FRHD 1010 TEST 1 STUDY GUIDE | FAMILY AND HUMAN DEVELOPMENT PRACTICE QUESTIONS
AND ANSWERS | COMPLETE EXAM 1 REVIEW
sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS) - correct answer ✔✔a condition that occurs when an
infant stops breathing, usually during the night, and suddenly dies without an apparent cause
lifespan perspective - correct answer ✔✔an approach to the study of human development that
takes into account all phases of life, not just childhood or adulthood
Critical period - correct answer ✔✔A time when a particular type of development must happen
for it to occur correctly
Sensitive period - correct answer ✔✔A time when a particular type of development is most
likely to happen or happens easiest. The development may still occur outside this period
Ecological systems approach - correct answer ✔✔the view that in the study of human
development, the person should be considered in all the contexts and interactions that
constitute a life
Social construction - correct answer ✔✔an idea that is based on shared perceptions, not on
objective reality
difference-equals-deficit error - correct answer ✔✔the mistaken belief that a deviation from
some norm is necessarily inferior to behavior or characteristics that meet the standard
Acculturation - correct answer ✔✔the process of cultural change and psychological change that
results following meeting between cultures
race vs ethnic group - correct answer ✔✔Misleading, based on appearance vs born in the same
region and often share some culture/religion/language
,dynamic systems approach - correct answer ✔✔a view of human development as an ongoing,
ever-changing interaction between the physical, cognitive, and psychosocial influences
differential sensitivity - correct answer ✔✔the idea that some people are more vulnerable than
others are to certain experiences, usually because of genetic differences
Scientific method - correct answer ✔✔1. Question
2. Hypothesis
3. Test the hypothesis
4. Make conclusions
5. Report the results
6. Replication
MMMMP of development - correct answer ✔✔Multidirectional
Multicontextual
Multicultural
Multidisciplinary
Plastic
5 layers of Bronfenbrenner chart - correct answer ✔✔Microsystem- basic, close personal
relationships
Mesosystem- connections between exo and microsystems; how they interact
Exosystem- relationships between the person and local institutions like school or church
Macrosystem- the broader social setting that includes governments and cultural values
Chronosystem- changing conditions throughout life, stressed historical context
, Zygote - correct answer ✔✔The single cell that is formed from the fusing of two gametes
Monozygotic twins - correct answer ✔✔Twins who originate from one zygote that splits apart
very early in development (identical)
Dizygotic twins - correct answer ✔✔Twins who are formed from two separate ova fertilizing by
two sperm (fraternal twins; twice as common)
Germinal period - correct answer ✔✔The first two weeks of prenatal development after
conception, characterized by rapid cell division and the beginning of cell differentiation
Embryonic period - correct answer ✔✔The stage of prenatal development from week 3 to 8
after conception where basic forms of all body structures, including internal organs develop
Fetal period - correct answer ✔✔The stage of prenatal development after the 9th week where
the fetus grows and matures in functioning
Implantation - correct answer ✔✔Occurs about 10 days after conception where the developing
organism burrows into the tissue that lines the uterus; about 50% of natural conceptions never
reach this
Age of viability - correct answer ✔✔The age at which a fetus has over a 50% chance of viability,
assuming specialized medical care is available; 22 weeks
Apgar scale - correct answer ✔✔A quick assessment of a newborns body functioning using the
baby's heart rate, respiratory effort, muscle tone, colour and reflexes on a scale from 0-2 each,
done twice after birth.
Teratogen - correct answer ✔✔Any agent or condition, including viruses, drugs, and chemicals,
that can impair prenatal development, resulting in birth defects or complications.
AND ANSWERS | COMPLETE EXAM 1 REVIEW
sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS) - correct answer ✔✔a condition that occurs when an
infant stops breathing, usually during the night, and suddenly dies without an apparent cause
lifespan perspective - correct answer ✔✔an approach to the study of human development that
takes into account all phases of life, not just childhood or adulthood
Critical period - correct answer ✔✔A time when a particular type of development must happen
for it to occur correctly
Sensitive period - correct answer ✔✔A time when a particular type of development is most
likely to happen or happens easiest. The development may still occur outside this period
Ecological systems approach - correct answer ✔✔the view that in the study of human
development, the person should be considered in all the contexts and interactions that
constitute a life
Social construction - correct answer ✔✔an idea that is based on shared perceptions, not on
objective reality
difference-equals-deficit error - correct answer ✔✔the mistaken belief that a deviation from
some norm is necessarily inferior to behavior or characteristics that meet the standard
Acculturation - correct answer ✔✔the process of cultural change and psychological change that
results following meeting between cultures
race vs ethnic group - correct answer ✔✔Misleading, based on appearance vs born in the same
region and often share some culture/religion/language
,dynamic systems approach - correct answer ✔✔a view of human development as an ongoing,
ever-changing interaction between the physical, cognitive, and psychosocial influences
differential sensitivity - correct answer ✔✔the idea that some people are more vulnerable than
others are to certain experiences, usually because of genetic differences
Scientific method - correct answer ✔✔1. Question
2. Hypothesis
3. Test the hypothesis
4. Make conclusions
5. Report the results
6. Replication
MMMMP of development - correct answer ✔✔Multidirectional
Multicontextual
Multicultural
Multidisciplinary
Plastic
5 layers of Bronfenbrenner chart - correct answer ✔✔Microsystem- basic, close personal
relationships
Mesosystem- connections between exo and microsystems; how they interact
Exosystem- relationships between the person and local institutions like school or church
Macrosystem- the broader social setting that includes governments and cultural values
Chronosystem- changing conditions throughout life, stressed historical context
, Zygote - correct answer ✔✔The single cell that is formed from the fusing of two gametes
Monozygotic twins - correct answer ✔✔Twins who originate from one zygote that splits apart
very early in development (identical)
Dizygotic twins - correct answer ✔✔Twins who are formed from two separate ova fertilizing by
two sperm (fraternal twins; twice as common)
Germinal period - correct answer ✔✔The first two weeks of prenatal development after
conception, characterized by rapid cell division and the beginning of cell differentiation
Embryonic period - correct answer ✔✔The stage of prenatal development from week 3 to 8
after conception where basic forms of all body structures, including internal organs develop
Fetal period - correct answer ✔✔The stage of prenatal development after the 9th week where
the fetus grows and matures in functioning
Implantation - correct answer ✔✔Occurs about 10 days after conception where the developing
organism burrows into the tissue that lines the uterus; about 50% of natural conceptions never
reach this
Age of viability - correct answer ✔✔The age at which a fetus has over a 50% chance of viability,
assuming specialized medical care is available; 22 weeks
Apgar scale - correct answer ✔✔A quick assessment of a newborns body functioning using the
baby's heart rate, respiratory effort, muscle tone, colour and reflexes on a scale from 0-2 each,
done twice after birth.
Teratogen - correct answer ✔✔Any agent or condition, including viruses, drugs, and chemicals,
that can impair prenatal development, resulting in birth defects or complications.
