NBCRNA REVIEW 2026/2027 ACTUAL COMPLETE REAL
EXAM QUESTIONS AND CORRECT ANSWERS VERIFIED
ANSWERS (100% CORRECTLY SOLVED) GRADED A+ /
LATEST UPDATE
EXAM STRUCTURE:
Domain 1: Airway Management
Domain 2: Applied Clinical Pharmacology
Domain 3: Applied Physiology & Pathophysiology
Domain 4: Anesthesia Equipment, Technology & Safety
DOMAIN 1: AIRWAY MANAGEMENT
Question 1:
What drugs are useful to treat pulmonary hypertension?
A) Iloprost, epoprostenol, PDE-V inhibitors (sildenafil), endothelin-1 antagonists
(bosentan), inhaled nitric oxide
B) Beta-blockers and calcium channel blockers only
C) Loop diuretics and ACE inhibitors
D) Dobutamine and dopamine
Answer: A
Rationale: Pulmonary hypertension is treated with pulmonary vasodilators
including iloprost (prostacyclin analog), epoprostenol (prostacyclin),
phosphodiesterase-5 inhibitors (sildenafil), endothelin-1 antagonists
(bosentan), and inhaled nitric oxide. These agents reduce pulmonary
vascular resistance and improve right ventricular function.
Question 2:
What is the trauma triad that temps below 35°C are associated with?
A) Acidosis, hypotension, coagulopathy
1
,B) Hypoxia, hypercarbia, hypothermia
C) Sepsis, shock, respiratory failure
D) Bradycardia, hypotension, hypothermia
Answer: A
Rationale: Temperatures below 35°C (hypothermia) are associated with the
"trauma triad of death": acidosis (from hypoperfusion and anaerobic
metabolism), hypotension (from vasodilation and myocardial depression),
and coagulopathy (from impaired platelet function and coagulation factors).
This triad significantly increases mortality in trauma patients.
Question 3:
What is the leading cause of anesthesia-related mortality with C-section?
A) Intubation failure
B) Hemorrhage
C) Pulmonary embolism
D) Anaphylaxis
Answer: A
Rationale: Intubation failure is the leading cause of anesthesia-related
mortality in cesarean sections. Pregnant patients have a higher risk of
difficult intubation due to airway edema, weight gain, and reduced functional
residual capacity. Failed intubation can lead to hypoxemia, aspiration,
and maternal death.
Question 4:
What is the most common congenital neural tube defect?
A) Meningomyelocele
B) Anencephaly
2
,C) Spina bifida occulta
D) Encephalocele
Answer: A
Rationale: Meningomyelocele (myelomeningocele) is the most common
congenital
neural tube defect. It involves herniation of the meninges and spinal cord
through a vertebral defect. It is associated with folic acid deficiency
and can be detected prenatally.
Question 5:
What is the most rapidly growing tumor of the anterior mediastinum in children?
A) Lymphoblastic T-cell lymphoma
B) Thymoma
C) Teratoma
D) Neuroblastoma
Answer: A
Rationale: Lymphoblastic T-cell lymphoma is the most rapidly growing tumor
of the anterior mediastinum in children. It can cause airway compression
and superior vena cava syndrome. Prompt diagnosis and treatment are essential.
Question 6:
The musculocutaneous nerve is positioned between what two muscles?
A) Coracobrachialis and pectoralis major
B) Biceps brachii and brachialis
C) Pectoralis major and pectoralis minor
D) Deltoid and teres major
3
, Answer: A
Rationale: The musculocutaneous nerve passes between the coracobrachialis
and pectoralis major muscles. It innervates the coracobrachialis, biceps
brachii, and brachialis muscles, and provides sensory innervation to the
lateral forearm.
Question 7:
What is the MOST common cause of upper airway obstruction in an unconscious
patient?
A) Tongue obstruction (loss of pharyngeal tone)
B) Laryngospasm
C) Foreign body aspiration
D) Bronchospasm
Answer: A
Rationale: In an unconscious patient, the most common cause of airway
obstruction is the tongue falling back against the posterior pharynx due to
loss of pharyngeal muscle tone. This is managed with a jaw thrust, chin lift,
or oropharyngeal airway.
Question 8:
What nerve provides sensory innervation to the larynx above the vocal cords?
A) Recurrent laryngeal nerve
B) Superior laryngeal nerve (internal branch)
C) Glossopharyngeal nerve
D) Hypoglossal nerve
Answer: B
4
EXAM QUESTIONS AND CORRECT ANSWERS VERIFIED
ANSWERS (100% CORRECTLY SOLVED) GRADED A+ /
LATEST UPDATE
EXAM STRUCTURE:
Domain 1: Airway Management
Domain 2: Applied Clinical Pharmacology
Domain 3: Applied Physiology & Pathophysiology
Domain 4: Anesthesia Equipment, Technology & Safety
DOMAIN 1: AIRWAY MANAGEMENT
Question 1:
What drugs are useful to treat pulmonary hypertension?
A) Iloprost, epoprostenol, PDE-V inhibitors (sildenafil), endothelin-1 antagonists
(bosentan), inhaled nitric oxide
B) Beta-blockers and calcium channel blockers only
C) Loop diuretics and ACE inhibitors
D) Dobutamine and dopamine
Answer: A
Rationale: Pulmonary hypertension is treated with pulmonary vasodilators
including iloprost (prostacyclin analog), epoprostenol (prostacyclin),
phosphodiesterase-5 inhibitors (sildenafil), endothelin-1 antagonists
(bosentan), and inhaled nitric oxide. These agents reduce pulmonary
vascular resistance and improve right ventricular function.
Question 2:
What is the trauma triad that temps below 35°C are associated with?
A) Acidosis, hypotension, coagulopathy
1
,B) Hypoxia, hypercarbia, hypothermia
C) Sepsis, shock, respiratory failure
D) Bradycardia, hypotension, hypothermia
Answer: A
Rationale: Temperatures below 35°C (hypothermia) are associated with the
"trauma triad of death": acidosis (from hypoperfusion and anaerobic
metabolism), hypotension (from vasodilation and myocardial depression),
and coagulopathy (from impaired platelet function and coagulation factors).
This triad significantly increases mortality in trauma patients.
Question 3:
What is the leading cause of anesthesia-related mortality with C-section?
A) Intubation failure
B) Hemorrhage
C) Pulmonary embolism
D) Anaphylaxis
Answer: A
Rationale: Intubation failure is the leading cause of anesthesia-related
mortality in cesarean sections. Pregnant patients have a higher risk of
difficult intubation due to airway edema, weight gain, and reduced functional
residual capacity. Failed intubation can lead to hypoxemia, aspiration,
and maternal death.
Question 4:
What is the most common congenital neural tube defect?
A) Meningomyelocele
B) Anencephaly
2
,C) Spina bifida occulta
D) Encephalocele
Answer: A
Rationale: Meningomyelocele (myelomeningocele) is the most common
congenital
neural tube defect. It involves herniation of the meninges and spinal cord
through a vertebral defect. It is associated with folic acid deficiency
and can be detected prenatally.
Question 5:
What is the most rapidly growing tumor of the anterior mediastinum in children?
A) Lymphoblastic T-cell lymphoma
B) Thymoma
C) Teratoma
D) Neuroblastoma
Answer: A
Rationale: Lymphoblastic T-cell lymphoma is the most rapidly growing tumor
of the anterior mediastinum in children. It can cause airway compression
and superior vena cava syndrome. Prompt diagnosis and treatment are essential.
Question 6:
The musculocutaneous nerve is positioned between what two muscles?
A) Coracobrachialis and pectoralis major
B) Biceps brachii and brachialis
C) Pectoralis major and pectoralis minor
D) Deltoid and teres major
3
, Answer: A
Rationale: The musculocutaneous nerve passes between the coracobrachialis
and pectoralis major muscles. It innervates the coracobrachialis, biceps
brachii, and brachialis muscles, and provides sensory innervation to the
lateral forearm.
Question 7:
What is the MOST common cause of upper airway obstruction in an unconscious
patient?
A) Tongue obstruction (loss of pharyngeal tone)
B) Laryngospasm
C) Foreign body aspiration
D) Bronchospasm
Answer: A
Rationale: In an unconscious patient, the most common cause of airway
obstruction is the tongue falling back against the posterior pharynx due to
loss of pharyngeal muscle tone. This is managed with a jaw thrust, chin lift,
or oropharyngeal airway.
Question 8:
What nerve provides sensory innervation to the larynx above the vocal cords?
A) Recurrent laryngeal nerve
B) Superior laryngeal nerve (internal branch)
C) Glossopharyngeal nerve
D) Hypoglossal nerve
Answer: B
4
