PHIL 202 QUESTIONS WITH VERIFIED ANSWERS
Which practice of the Catholic Church led to Luther's list of ninety-five theses?
A. Doctrinal corruptions
B. The condemnation of previous reformers
C. The selling of priesthood offices
D. The selling of indulgences - Answers - D. The selling of indulgences
At the Diet of Worms in 1521, Luther was told that he had to recant his belief that the
pope was not above scripture. Luther declined and insisted that the pope did not have
the authority to instigate new practices or doctrines that were not found in the Bible. He
insisted that all Christian teachings had to be based on scripture. Luther also believed
that salvation was based on grace and not on works. These ideas were summed up in
different slogans. Which slogan does not correspond to a belief of Luther?
A. Sola scriptura
B. Sola fide
C. Sola gratia
D. Sola ekklesia - Answers - D. Sola ekklesia
Who convened the Council of Trent?
A. Luther
B. The Catholic Church
C. The Protestant churches
D. The emperor of the Holy Roman Empire - Answers - B. The Catholic Church
Martin Luther (1483-1546) lays down two propositions at the beginning of his short
treatise, Concerning Christian Liberty (1520), that seem to contradict each other,
namely (1) A Christian man is the most-free lord of all, and subject to none; and (2) A
Christian man is the most dutiful servant of all, and subject to everyone. Luther's goal in
his treatise is to explain how these two claims actually agree in light of the gospel.
Luther derives both claims from which New Testament figure?
A. Paul
B. Peter
C. Jesus
D. James - Answers - A. Paul
According to Luther there is absolutely nothing "among outward things, under whatever
name they may be reckoned, [that] has any influence in producing Christian
righteousness or liberty, nor, on the other hand, unrighteousness or slavery." This can
be shown, he says, by an easy argument. What is the argument?
A. Because everything is determined in the outside world and freedom only exists in the
mind.
B. Because the pleasures of the body are also available to sinners and hardships can
also beset the righteous.
, C. Because both Christians and sinners have both a choice in how they respond to
external circumstances.
D. Because people cannot be held responsible for what happens to them in a crisis. -
Answers - B. Because the pleasures of the body are also available to sinners and
hardships can also beset the righteous.
Luther asks why the Scriptures give us many commandments, ceremonies, and laws,
when our obedience to these does not contribute in the least to our righteousness: "But
you ask how it can be the fact that faith alone justifies, and affords without works so
great a treasure of good things, when so many works, ceremonies, and laws are
prescribed to us in the Scriptures?" (p. 4, ll. 12 - 14) What is his answer?
A. Although we are all guilty of sin, we are nevertheless required to keep them as much
as possible.
B. The commandments only apply to what we do with our bodies but ultimately only our
spirit or soul is saved based on its faith.
C. The commandments, ceremonies and laws that were part of the Mosaic Law only
applied in Old Testament times and were done away with after the death and
resurrection of Jesus Christ, and no longer apply to those under the New Testament.
D. They were ordained for the purpose of showing ma - Answers - C. The
commandments, ceremonies and laws that were part of the Mosaic Law only applied in
Old Testament times and were done away with after the death and resurrection of
Jesus Christ, and no longer apply to those under the New Testament.
In the Meditations, Descartes aims to
A. establish the irrelevance of God to modern physics.
B. show that the soul is identical with the body.
C. provide a firm foundation for knowledge.
D. prove that metaphysics is founded on a mistake. - Answers - C. provide a firm
foundation for knowledge.
The result of Descartes' methodical doubt is that
A. he knows nothing.
B. he knows that he is a rational animal.
C. he doubts his own existence.
D. he finds something that can indicate a criterion for knowledge. - Answers - D. he
finds something that can indicate a criterion for knowledge.
What Descartes calls the "light of nature":
A. certifies something as true because it is lighted up as so clear and distinct it cannot
be doubted.
B. is the same as what is "taught by nature."
C. is known innately as revealed to us by God.
D. cannot be relied upon unless it is backed up by extensive argument, going back to
simples and moving deliberately to complexes. - Answers - A. certifies something as
true because it is lighted up as so clear and distinct it cannot be doubted.
Which practice of the Catholic Church led to Luther's list of ninety-five theses?
A. Doctrinal corruptions
B. The condemnation of previous reformers
C. The selling of priesthood offices
D. The selling of indulgences - Answers - D. The selling of indulgences
At the Diet of Worms in 1521, Luther was told that he had to recant his belief that the
pope was not above scripture. Luther declined and insisted that the pope did not have
the authority to instigate new practices or doctrines that were not found in the Bible. He
insisted that all Christian teachings had to be based on scripture. Luther also believed
that salvation was based on grace and not on works. These ideas were summed up in
different slogans. Which slogan does not correspond to a belief of Luther?
A. Sola scriptura
B. Sola fide
C. Sola gratia
D. Sola ekklesia - Answers - D. Sola ekklesia
Who convened the Council of Trent?
A. Luther
B. The Catholic Church
C. The Protestant churches
D. The emperor of the Holy Roman Empire - Answers - B. The Catholic Church
Martin Luther (1483-1546) lays down two propositions at the beginning of his short
treatise, Concerning Christian Liberty (1520), that seem to contradict each other,
namely (1) A Christian man is the most-free lord of all, and subject to none; and (2) A
Christian man is the most dutiful servant of all, and subject to everyone. Luther's goal in
his treatise is to explain how these two claims actually agree in light of the gospel.
Luther derives both claims from which New Testament figure?
A. Paul
B. Peter
C. Jesus
D. James - Answers - A. Paul
According to Luther there is absolutely nothing "among outward things, under whatever
name they may be reckoned, [that] has any influence in producing Christian
righteousness or liberty, nor, on the other hand, unrighteousness or slavery." This can
be shown, he says, by an easy argument. What is the argument?
A. Because everything is determined in the outside world and freedom only exists in the
mind.
B. Because the pleasures of the body are also available to sinners and hardships can
also beset the righteous.
, C. Because both Christians and sinners have both a choice in how they respond to
external circumstances.
D. Because people cannot be held responsible for what happens to them in a crisis. -
Answers - B. Because the pleasures of the body are also available to sinners and
hardships can also beset the righteous.
Luther asks why the Scriptures give us many commandments, ceremonies, and laws,
when our obedience to these does not contribute in the least to our righteousness: "But
you ask how it can be the fact that faith alone justifies, and affords without works so
great a treasure of good things, when so many works, ceremonies, and laws are
prescribed to us in the Scriptures?" (p. 4, ll. 12 - 14) What is his answer?
A. Although we are all guilty of sin, we are nevertheless required to keep them as much
as possible.
B. The commandments only apply to what we do with our bodies but ultimately only our
spirit or soul is saved based on its faith.
C. The commandments, ceremonies and laws that were part of the Mosaic Law only
applied in Old Testament times and were done away with after the death and
resurrection of Jesus Christ, and no longer apply to those under the New Testament.
D. They were ordained for the purpose of showing ma - Answers - C. The
commandments, ceremonies and laws that were part of the Mosaic Law only applied in
Old Testament times and were done away with after the death and resurrection of
Jesus Christ, and no longer apply to those under the New Testament.
In the Meditations, Descartes aims to
A. establish the irrelevance of God to modern physics.
B. show that the soul is identical with the body.
C. provide a firm foundation for knowledge.
D. prove that metaphysics is founded on a mistake. - Answers - C. provide a firm
foundation for knowledge.
The result of Descartes' methodical doubt is that
A. he knows nothing.
B. he knows that he is a rational animal.
C. he doubts his own existence.
D. he finds something that can indicate a criterion for knowledge. - Answers - D. he
finds something that can indicate a criterion for knowledge.
What Descartes calls the "light of nature":
A. certifies something as true because it is lighted up as so clear and distinct it cannot
be doubted.
B. is the same as what is "taught by nature."
C. is known innately as revealed to us by God.
D. cannot be relied upon unless it is backed up by extensive argument, going back to
simples and moving deliberately to complexes. - Answers - A. certifies something as
true because it is lighted up as so clear and distinct it cannot be doubted.
