APHON COMPREHENSIVE ASSESSMENT
2026 SOLVED QUESTIONS AND
SOLUTIONS GRADED A+
◉ grade x
Answer: grade of the tumor cannot be assessed
◉ grade 1
Answer: well-differentiated; looks identical to the organ or structure
of origin
◉ grade 2
Answer: moderately differentiated
◉ grade 3
Answer: poorly differentiated; bears little resemblance to the organ
or structure of origin
◉ grade 4
Answer: undifferentiated; no resemblance between the organ or
structure of origin and the tumor
◉ minimal residual disease
,Answer: for patients with acute leukemia, the most significant
measure of response to therapy
◉ respect for persons
Answer: participants should be treated as autonomous
◉ benefience
Answer: researchers have an obligation to do no harm
◉ justice
Answer: the burdens and benefits of research should be equally
distributed
◉ the common rule
Answer: takes ethical principles and puts them into law
◉ equality of participants
Answer: which of these is not an ethical principle of the Belmont
Report
◉ blood cell development
Answer: first begins with the hematopoietic stem cell
, ◉ phase 1 clinical trial
Answer: determines the maximum tolerated dose (MTD) and
identifies the dose limiting toxicities; intent is not curative
◉ phase 2 clinical trial
Answer: attempts to find if a specific agent or combination is
effective against a specific disease; intent is not curative
◉ phase 3 clinical trial
Answer: attempts to determine if the new treatment is more
effective than the current standard treatment (may include
randomization); requires a large number of patients in a controlled
study; examines toxicity, survival, and quality of life
◉ phase 4 clinical trial
Answer: performed after the medication is commercially available;
looks at the general population; goal is curative; very rarely used in
pediatric oncology; can examine drug to drug interactions, long term
effects, and cost effectiveness
◉ FDA
Answer: a group that reviews medications, biologics, and mechanical
devices for safety for a clinical trial
2026 SOLVED QUESTIONS AND
SOLUTIONS GRADED A+
◉ grade x
Answer: grade of the tumor cannot be assessed
◉ grade 1
Answer: well-differentiated; looks identical to the organ or structure
of origin
◉ grade 2
Answer: moderately differentiated
◉ grade 3
Answer: poorly differentiated; bears little resemblance to the organ
or structure of origin
◉ grade 4
Answer: undifferentiated; no resemblance between the organ or
structure of origin and the tumor
◉ minimal residual disease
,Answer: for patients with acute leukemia, the most significant
measure of response to therapy
◉ respect for persons
Answer: participants should be treated as autonomous
◉ benefience
Answer: researchers have an obligation to do no harm
◉ justice
Answer: the burdens and benefits of research should be equally
distributed
◉ the common rule
Answer: takes ethical principles and puts them into law
◉ equality of participants
Answer: which of these is not an ethical principle of the Belmont
Report
◉ blood cell development
Answer: first begins with the hematopoietic stem cell
, ◉ phase 1 clinical trial
Answer: determines the maximum tolerated dose (MTD) and
identifies the dose limiting toxicities; intent is not curative
◉ phase 2 clinical trial
Answer: attempts to find if a specific agent or combination is
effective against a specific disease; intent is not curative
◉ phase 3 clinical trial
Answer: attempts to determine if the new treatment is more
effective than the current standard treatment (may include
randomization); requires a large number of patients in a controlled
study; examines toxicity, survival, and quality of life
◉ phase 4 clinical trial
Answer: performed after the medication is commercially available;
looks at the general population; goal is curative; very rarely used in
pediatric oncology; can examine drug to drug interactions, long term
effects, and cost effectiveness
◉ FDA
Answer: a group that reviews medications, biologics, and mechanical
devices for safety for a clinical trial
