APEA THREE P HIGH STAKES STUDY GUIDE
EXAM COMPLETE QUESTIONS AND
CORRECT ANSWERS VERIFIED
RATIONALES GRADED A+
⩥ Chalazion: Symptoms & Treatment.
Answer: Symptoms:
Small painless nodule
Chronic inflammation of the meibomian gland (specialized sweat gland)
Grows gradually
Treatment: • Hot compress QID if large otherwise no treatment
⩥ Hordeolum (Stye): Symptoms and Treatment.
Answer: Symptoms: Painful • Swollen • Red, warm, abscess, and it's
acute Think Hordeolum "Hurts"
Treatment: • Hot compress until it drains QID • Avoid wearing eye
make-up • Erythromycin or dicloxacillin QID if preseptal cellulitis
develops 17 o Refer to ophthalmology for I&D
,⩥ Senile arcus: Symptoms and Treatment.
Answer: Symptoms: White-gray ring on edge of cornea in elderly and is
bilateral Normal finding in elderly Result of lipid deposit
Treatment: None
Age less than 50 check lipid profile
⩥ Xanthelasma: Symptoms and treatment/ DX.
Answer: Symptoms: • Soft yellow flat plaques on the upper and lower
lids by the inner canthus or palpebrum • Cholesterol plaques
Dx: • Order fasting lipid profile to rule out hypercholesteremia
Treatment: • Trichloroacetic acid, surgery, laser
⩥ Allergic Conjunctivitis (Keratoconjunctivitis): Symptoms &
Treatment.
Answer: Symptoms: Typically, bilateral itchy eyes with "stringy
discharge and increased tearing"
Type I sensitivity (IgE)
Rhinitis and allergic shiner
Treatment: PO (oral) antihistamines
, Eye drops olopatadine (Patanol), Visine (short term or episodic use
only)
Cool compresses and avoid allergens
*May be called keratoconjunctivitis on ANCC
⩥ Bacterial Conjunctivitis: Symptoms and treatment.
Answer: Symptoms: • Acute onset of red eye • Dried yellow-green
crusting on eyelids on awakening
Treatment: Topical ophthalmic fluroquinolones (Ofloxacin) Q 2-4 hours
x 2 days, then QID x 5 days
⩥ Viral Conjunctivitis (Pink Eye): Symptoms and treatment.
Answer: Symptoms: • Acute onset of red eye • Complaint of itchy eyes;
one or both eyes • Periauricular lymphadenopathy 18 • Very contagious
Treatment: No treatment; frequent hand washing
Keep away from school for 1 week
⩥ Herpes Keratitis: Cause, symptoms, DX, TX.
Answer: Cause: Herpes Simples Virus or Shingles (Herpes Zoster)
, Symptoms: Abrupt onset of eye PAIN, blurred vision, and tearing,
Vesicles and/or small rash on the temple on affected side Follows the V1
branch (ophthalmic branch) of the trigeminal nerve (CN V)
Dx: Fluorescein dye o Shows "fern-like" lesion
Treatment: Ophthalmologist or ER STAT
⩥ Corneal Abrasion: Symptoms & DX & treatment & alternative meds.
Answer: Symptoms: Acute onset of severe eye PAIN
Abrasion is round/irregular Foreign body sensation
Dx: Fluorescein dye. Will help rule out herpes keratitis
Treatment: • Erythromycin ointment QID x 3-5 days
DO NOT PATCH THE EYE
Alternative Meds: Sulfacetamide 10%
Ciprofloxacin or ofloxacin
⩥ Acute Angle-Closure Glaucoma:symptoms and treatment.
EXAM COMPLETE QUESTIONS AND
CORRECT ANSWERS VERIFIED
RATIONALES GRADED A+
⩥ Chalazion: Symptoms & Treatment.
Answer: Symptoms:
Small painless nodule
Chronic inflammation of the meibomian gland (specialized sweat gland)
Grows gradually
Treatment: • Hot compress QID if large otherwise no treatment
⩥ Hordeolum (Stye): Symptoms and Treatment.
Answer: Symptoms: Painful • Swollen • Red, warm, abscess, and it's
acute Think Hordeolum "Hurts"
Treatment: • Hot compress until it drains QID • Avoid wearing eye
make-up • Erythromycin or dicloxacillin QID if preseptal cellulitis
develops 17 o Refer to ophthalmology for I&D
,⩥ Senile arcus: Symptoms and Treatment.
Answer: Symptoms: White-gray ring on edge of cornea in elderly and is
bilateral Normal finding in elderly Result of lipid deposit
Treatment: None
Age less than 50 check lipid profile
⩥ Xanthelasma: Symptoms and treatment/ DX.
Answer: Symptoms: • Soft yellow flat plaques on the upper and lower
lids by the inner canthus or palpebrum • Cholesterol plaques
Dx: • Order fasting lipid profile to rule out hypercholesteremia
Treatment: • Trichloroacetic acid, surgery, laser
⩥ Allergic Conjunctivitis (Keratoconjunctivitis): Symptoms &
Treatment.
Answer: Symptoms: Typically, bilateral itchy eyes with "stringy
discharge and increased tearing"
Type I sensitivity (IgE)
Rhinitis and allergic shiner
Treatment: PO (oral) antihistamines
, Eye drops olopatadine (Patanol), Visine (short term or episodic use
only)
Cool compresses and avoid allergens
*May be called keratoconjunctivitis on ANCC
⩥ Bacterial Conjunctivitis: Symptoms and treatment.
Answer: Symptoms: • Acute onset of red eye • Dried yellow-green
crusting on eyelids on awakening
Treatment: Topical ophthalmic fluroquinolones (Ofloxacin) Q 2-4 hours
x 2 days, then QID x 5 days
⩥ Viral Conjunctivitis (Pink Eye): Symptoms and treatment.
Answer: Symptoms: • Acute onset of red eye • Complaint of itchy eyes;
one or both eyes • Periauricular lymphadenopathy 18 • Very contagious
Treatment: No treatment; frequent hand washing
Keep away from school for 1 week
⩥ Herpes Keratitis: Cause, symptoms, DX, TX.
Answer: Cause: Herpes Simples Virus or Shingles (Herpes Zoster)
, Symptoms: Abrupt onset of eye PAIN, blurred vision, and tearing,
Vesicles and/or small rash on the temple on affected side Follows the V1
branch (ophthalmic branch) of the trigeminal nerve (CN V)
Dx: Fluorescein dye o Shows "fern-like" lesion
Treatment: Ophthalmologist or ER STAT
⩥ Corneal Abrasion: Symptoms & DX & treatment & alternative meds.
Answer: Symptoms: Acute onset of severe eye PAIN
Abrasion is round/irregular Foreign body sensation
Dx: Fluorescein dye. Will help rule out herpes keratitis
Treatment: • Erythromycin ointment QID x 3-5 days
DO NOT PATCH THE EYE
Alternative Meds: Sulfacetamide 10%
Ciprofloxacin or ofloxacin
⩥ Acute Angle-Closure Glaucoma:symptoms and treatment.
