AP COMPARATIVE GOVERNMENT MIDTERM 2
COMPLETE PREPARATION GUIDE WITH STATE
INSTITUTIONS AND POLITICAL ECONOMY
CONCEPTS
◉ Qualitative Data.
Answer: Descriptive, non-numerical information used to understand
political behavior, institutions, and culture.
◉ Empirical Statements.
Answer: Statements based on observable facts and evidence that can
be tested or verified using data.
◉ Normative Statements.
Answer: Value-based statements expressing opinions about what
should happen in politics.
◉ Common Law.
Answer: A legal system based on custom and court rulings
◉ Rule by law.
,Answer: Where the law is applied arbitrarily, and government
officials are not subject to the same rules and penalties as citizens.
◉ Rule of law.
Answer: principle that the law applies to everyone, even those who
govern
◉ Causation.
Answer: A relationship where one variable directly produces a
change in another variable.
◉ Correlation.
Answer: A relationship where two variables move together, either
positively or negatively, without proof that one causes the other.
◉ State.
Answer: A political entity with four key features: a permanent
population, a defined territory, a government, and sovereignty.
◉ Sovereignty.
Answer: The ultimate authority of a state to govern itself without
interference from other states or external actors.
, ◉ Nation.
Answer: A group of people who share a common identity based on
culture, language, ethnicity, religion, or historical experience.
◉ Nation-State.
Answer: A political system in which the boundaries of the state
largely align with a single national identity.
◉ Regime.
Answer: The set of formal institutions and informal rules that
determine how power is distributed, exercised, and transferred
within a state.
◉ Authoritarian Regimes.
Answer: Regimes in which political power is concentrated in a single
leader or small elite, political competition is limited, and civil
liberties are restricted.
◉ Democratic Regimes.
Answer: Regimes in which political authority is derived from the
people through free, fair, and competitive elections, with protections
for rights and liberties.
◉ Government.
COMPLETE PREPARATION GUIDE WITH STATE
INSTITUTIONS AND POLITICAL ECONOMY
CONCEPTS
◉ Qualitative Data.
Answer: Descriptive, non-numerical information used to understand
political behavior, institutions, and culture.
◉ Empirical Statements.
Answer: Statements based on observable facts and evidence that can
be tested or verified using data.
◉ Normative Statements.
Answer: Value-based statements expressing opinions about what
should happen in politics.
◉ Common Law.
Answer: A legal system based on custom and court rulings
◉ Rule by law.
,Answer: Where the law is applied arbitrarily, and government
officials are not subject to the same rules and penalties as citizens.
◉ Rule of law.
Answer: principle that the law applies to everyone, even those who
govern
◉ Causation.
Answer: A relationship where one variable directly produces a
change in another variable.
◉ Correlation.
Answer: A relationship where two variables move together, either
positively or negatively, without proof that one causes the other.
◉ State.
Answer: A political entity with four key features: a permanent
population, a defined territory, a government, and sovereignty.
◉ Sovereignty.
Answer: The ultimate authority of a state to govern itself without
interference from other states or external actors.
, ◉ Nation.
Answer: A group of people who share a common identity based on
culture, language, ethnicity, religion, or historical experience.
◉ Nation-State.
Answer: A political system in which the boundaries of the state
largely align with a single national identity.
◉ Regime.
Answer: The set of formal institutions and informal rules that
determine how power is distributed, exercised, and transferred
within a state.
◉ Authoritarian Regimes.
Answer: Regimes in which political power is concentrated in a single
leader or small elite, political competition is limited, and civil
liberties are restricted.
◉ Democratic Regimes.
Answer: Regimes in which political authority is derived from the
people through free, fair, and competitive elections, with protections
for rights and liberties.
◉ Government.
