ARIZONA GENETIC COUNSELING
CERTIFICATION EXAM QUESTIONS WITH
CORRECT ANSWERS AND RATIONALES LATEST
2025-2026 UPDATE
1–10: Foundations of Genetics
1. What is the basic unit of heredity?
A. Chromosome
B. Gene
C. Nucleus
D. Protein
Answer: B
Rationale: Genes are the basic units of heredity carrying genetic
information.
2. DNA is composed of:
A. Amino acids
B. Nucleotides
C. Fatty acids
D. Ribosomes
Answer: B
Rationale: DNA is made of nucleotide building blocks.
3. The human haploid number is:
A. 23
B. 46
C. 22
D. 44
Answer: A
Rationale: Gametes contain 23 chromosomes.
, 4. A mutation is best defined as:
A. Protein synthesis
B. DNA sequence change
C. Cell division
D. Chromosome pairing
Answer: B
5. Mitosis results in:
A. 4 haploid cells
B. 2 identical diploid cells
C. 2 haploid cells
D. 1 diploid cell
Answer: B
6. Meiosis produces:
A. Identical cells
B. Gametes
C. Somatic cells
D. Cancer cells
Answer: B
7. Crossing over occurs during:
A. Metaphase I
B. Prophase I
C. Telophase
D. Anaphase II
Answer: B
8. A genotype refers to:
A. Physical traits
B. Genetic makeup
C. Environment
D. Protein structure
Answer: B
CERTIFICATION EXAM QUESTIONS WITH
CORRECT ANSWERS AND RATIONALES LATEST
2025-2026 UPDATE
1–10: Foundations of Genetics
1. What is the basic unit of heredity?
A. Chromosome
B. Gene
C. Nucleus
D. Protein
Answer: B
Rationale: Genes are the basic units of heredity carrying genetic
information.
2. DNA is composed of:
A. Amino acids
B. Nucleotides
C. Fatty acids
D. Ribosomes
Answer: B
Rationale: DNA is made of nucleotide building blocks.
3. The human haploid number is:
A. 23
B. 46
C. 22
D. 44
Answer: A
Rationale: Gametes contain 23 chromosomes.
, 4. A mutation is best defined as:
A. Protein synthesis
B. DNA sequence change
C. Cell division
D. Chromosome pairing
Answer: B
5. Mitosis results in:
A. 4 haploid cells
B. 2 identical diploid cells
C. 2 haploid cells
D. 1 diploid cell
Answer: B
6. Meiosis produces:
A. Identical cells
B. Gametes
C. Somatic cells
D. Cancer cells
Answer: B
7. Crossing over occurs during:
A. Metaphase I
B. Prophase I
C. Telophase
D. Anaphase II
Answer: B
8. A genotype refers to:
A. Physical traits
B. Genetic makeup
C. Environment
D. Protein structure
Answer: B