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ALREADY GRADED A+|| LATEST UPDATE 2026
What is ATP composed of? - ANSWER-Adenine, ribose, 3 phosphates
What are all organisms made up of? - ANSWER-Cells
What is the smallest unit of living matter? - ANSWER-Cell
Where do cells come from? - ANSWER-Cells
Who came up with the idea that cells come from pre-existing cells? -
ANSWER-Virchow
What requires cells to stay small? - ANSWER-Surface-area-to-volume ratio
What is DNA located? - ANSWER-Nucleic or nucleus
What is the plasma membrane made of? - ANSWER-phospholipid bilayer
What is the most abundant and diverse life-forms on Earth? - ANSWER-
Prokaryotes
,Prokaryotic cells are places into what two domains? - ANSWER-Bacteria and
Archaea
What is the glycocalyx? - ANSWER-An extracellular capsule coating that
provides protection to the cell (sugar coat); thin layer is called a slime layer
What are mesosomes? - ANSWER-Internal pouches that increase the internal
surface so enzymes can attach
What does the cell wall do? - ANSWER-maintains the structure of the cell;
provides support and protection (even if they happen to take in an abundance of
water)
What is cytoplasm? - ANSWER-the portion of the cell outside the nucleus
What are plasmids? - ANSWER-Extra DNA rings that get swapped around
(This is how Bacteria gets cell to cell)
How are elements arranged horizontally in the periodic table? - ANSWER-By
increasing atomic number
What do elements in the same group have in common? - ANSWER-Same
number of valence electrons
What are isotopes? - ANSWER-Atoms of the same element that have different
numbers of neutrons
Who came up with "Radioactivity"? - ANSWER-Marie Curie and Antoine-
Henri Becquerel
, What are electrons attracted to? - ANSWER-Positively charged nucleus
For atoms with atomic number of 20 or less... - ANSWER-- the first shell can
hold up to 2 electrons
- each additional shell can hold up to 8 electrons
What is the outermost energy shell called? - ANSWER-The valence shell
What does the valence shell do? - ANSWER-Determines many of an atom's
chemical properties
When is the outermost shell most stable? - ANSWER-When it has eight
electrons
What is a molecule? - ANSWER-Two or more elements bonded together
What is a compound? - ANSWER-A molecule containing at least two different
elements bonded together
What is a formula? - ANSWER-It tells you the number of each kind of atom in
a molecule
What is glucose? - ANSWER-C6 H12 O6
What is a chemical reaction? - ANSWER-The process of bond formation
(trying to get to 8 electrons)
What does the chloroplast do? - ANSWER-Synthesize carbohydrates during
photosynthesis