NR 546|NR546 MIDTERM EXAM ACTUAL EXAM PREPARATION NEWEST 2025/2026
COMPLETE QUESTIONS AND CORRECT DETAILED DETAILED ANSWERS
(VERIFIED DETAILED ANSWERS) |BRAND NEW VERSION!!
How does reviewing the genetic makeup of a client help guide the PMHNP in selecting
medication for clients? - DETAILED ANSWER--Genetic testing can assist by providing more
information on how clients may respond to certain psychotropic medications
-provides information on how a client may break down and metabolize medications based on
the cytochrome P450 system.
Tanrıkulu and Erbaş (2020) investigated identical twins to determine the presence of an
inherited link for schizophrenia and why one twin may develop schizophrenia when the other
does not. When two people have 100% identical DNA, why don't both persons develop the
exact illnesses? Studies of identical Danish twins found that if one twin had schizophrenia, the
other twin had a 50% lifetime risk of developing schizophrenia (Lemvigh et al., 2020). Why is
there only half the risk? - DETAILED ANSWER-Both environmental and psychosocial stressors
can impact mental health. Although twins may have identical genes, their gene expression may
be different.
There may be an environmental exposure that turned a gene "on" that should have been "off"
for one twin to develop schizophrenia and not the other.
central sulcus - DETAILED ANSWER-separates the frontal lobe from the parietal lobe
frontal lobe - DETAILED ANSWER-associated with movement, intelligence, abstract thinking
broca's area - DETAILED ANSWER-speech production
,temporal lobe - DETAILED ANSWER-involves object identification and auditory signals
cerebellum - DETAILED ANSWER-coordination
wernicke's area - DETAILED ANSWER-speech comprehension
occipital lobe - DETAILED ANSWER-primary visual area
parietal lobe - DETAILED ANSWER-keeps us alert to what is going on around us
sensory cortex - DETAILED ANSWER-pain, heat, and other sensations
motor cortex - DETAILED ANSWER-movement
hippocampus - DETAILED ANSWER-involved in both memory and anxiety
nucleus accumbens - DETAILED ANSWER-involved in the reward process
thalamus - DETAILED ANSWER-involved in sensory organ and motor command processing
striatum - DETAILED ANSWER-involved in complex motor actions, also links cognition to
motor actions
,limbic system - DETAILED ANSWER-includes circuits that are associated with pleasure and
reward
basal ganglia - DETAILED ANSWER-group of structures involved in voluntary motor
movements amygdala - DETAILED ANSWER-involved in emotional regulation and perception
of odors
corpus callosum - DETAILED ANSWER-controls the communication between the two brain
hemispheres
white matter - DETAILED ANSWER-contains nerve fibers that connect neurons from different
regions into functional circuits
grey matter - DETAILED ANSWER-contains nerve cells and dendrites
brain tissue - DETAILED ANSWER-made up of grey matter and white matter
dorsal striatum - DETAILED ANSWER-involved in complex motor actions and linkage of
cognition to motor actions
-main input area for basal ganglia
*activated when anticipating or engaging in pleasure
What should the PMHNP consider when prescribing chemical restraints? - DETAILED
ANSWER--allergy status
-prior med hx for adverse drug reactions r/t the meds ordered in the chemical restraint -state
regulations regarding chemical restrains must be reviewed
, Are the PMHNP and other staff liable if the client has an allergic reaction or adverse side effects
to the drugs used for chemical restraint? - DETAILED ANSWER-No.
The client has been court-ordered to take the prescribed medications and the standing order for
chemical restraints is approved. The PMHNP and other staff are not liable if the patient has an
allergic reaction or adverse side effects.
The field of epigenetics is rapidly growing and can help explain how gene expression is: -
DETAILED ANSWER-influenced by environmental factors and how epigenetics contributes to
the manifestation of mental illness
How does epigenetics impact a person's mental health? - DETAILED ANSWER-internal or
external factors activate portions of the genome that result in the manifestation of mental
health symptoms
-activation is often a result of a stressful event, which, when combined with the genetic risk,
results in the disease
-genes being on or off
-occurrence of symptoms may be the result of inheritance of an abnormal gene or of normal
genes being "on" when they should be "off."
Types of epigenetic changes: - DETAILED ANSWER-DNA Methylation
Histone modification
Non-coding RNA
The potential legal and ethical issues impacting mental health treatment must also be taken into
account, including: - DETAILED ANSWER--informed consent
-competence to make healthcare decisions
-off-label prescribing
COMPLETE QUESTIONS AND CORRECT DETAILED DETAILED ANSWERS
(VERIFIED DETAILED ANSWERS) |BRAND NEW VERSION!!
How does reviewing the genetic makeup of a client help guide the PMHNP in selecting
medication for clients? - DETAILED ANSWER--Genetic testing can assist by providing more
information on how clients may respond to certain psychotropic medications
-provides information on how a client may break down and metabolize medications based on
the cytochrome P450 system.
Tanrıkulu and Erbaş (2020) investigated identical twins to determine the presence of an
inherited link for schizophrenia and why one twin may develop schizophrenia when the other
does not. When two people have 100% identical DNA, why don't both persons develop the
exact illnesses? Studies of identical Danish twins found that if one twin had schizophrenia, the
other twin had a 50% lifetime risk of developing schizophrenia (Lemvigh et al., 2020). Why is
there only half the risk? - DETAILED ANSWER-Both environmental and psychosocial stressors
can impact mental health. Although twins may have identical genes, their gene expression may
be different.
There may be an environmental exposure that turned a gene "on" that should have been "off"
for one twin to develop schizophrenia and not the other.
central sulcus - DETAILED ANSWER-separates the frontal lobe from the parietal lobe
frontal lobe - DETAILED ANSWER-associated with movement, intelligence, abstract thinking
broca's area - DETAILED ANSWER-speech production
,temporal lobe - DETAILED ANSWER-involves object identification and auditory signals
cerebellum - DETAILED ANSWER-coordination
wernicke's area - DETAILED ANSWER-speech comprehension
occipital lobe - DETAILED ANSWER-primary visual area
parietal lobe - DETAILED ANSWER-keeps us alert to what is going on around us
sensory cortex - DETAILED ANSWER-pain, heat, and other sensations
motor cortex - DETAILED ANSWER-movement
hippocampus - DETAILED ANSWER-involved in both memory and anxiety
nucleus accumbens - DETAILED ANSWER-involved in the reward process
thalamus - DETAILED ANSWER-involved in sensory organ and motor command processing
striatum - DETAILED ANSWER-involved in complex motor actions, also links cognition to
motor actions
,limbic system - DETAILED ANSWER-includes circuits that are associated with pleasure and
reward
basal ganglia - DETAILED ANSWER-group of structures involved in voluntary motor
movements amygdala - DETAILED ANSWER-involved in emotional regulation and perception
of odors
corpus callosum - DETAILED ANSWER-controls the communication between the two brain
hemispheres
white matter - DETAILED ANSWER-contains nerve fibers that connect neurons from different
regions into functional circuits
grey matter - DETAILED ANSWER-contains nerve cells and dendrites
brain tissue - DETAILED ANSWER-made up of grey matter and white matter
dorsal striatum - DETAILED ANSWER-involved in complex motor actions and linkage of
cognition to motor actions
-main input area for basal ganglia
*activated when anticipating or engaging in pleasure
What should the PMHNP consider when prescribing chemical restraints? - DETAILED
ANSWER--allergy status
-prior med hx for adverse drug reactions r/t the meds ordered in the chemical restraint -state
regulations regarding chemical restrains must be reviewed
, Are the PMHNP and other staff liable if the client has an allergic reaction or adverse side effects
to the drugs used for chemical restraint? - DETAILED ANSWER-No.
The client has been court-ordered to take the prescribed medications and the standing order for
chemical restraints is approved. The PMHNP and other staff are not liable if the patient has an
allergic reaction or adverse side effects.
The field of epigenetics is rapidly growing and can help explain how gene expression is: -
DETAILED ANSWER-influenced by environmental factors and how epigenetics contributes to
the manifestation of mental illness
How does epigenetics impact a person's mental health? - DETAILED ANSWER-internal or
external factors activate portions of the genome that result in the manifestation of mental
health symptoms
-activation is often a result of a stressful event, which, when combined with the genetic risk,
results in the disease
-genes being on or off
-occurrence of symptoms may be the result of inheritance of an abnormal gene or of normal
genes being "on" when they should be "off."
Types of epigenetic changes: - DETAILED ANSWER-DNA Methylation
Histone modification
Non-coding RNA
The potential legal and ethical issues impacting mental health treatment must also be taken into
account, including: - DETAILED ANSWER--informed consent
-competence to make healthcare decisions
-off-label prescribing
