TEST BANK FOR Advanced Health Assessment & Clinical Diagnosis in Primary Care 6th Edition by Joyce E. Dains, Linda Ciofu Baumann, Pamela Scheibel ISBN: 978-0323554961 COMPLETE GUIDE 100% VERIFIED A+ GRADE ASSURED!!!!NEW LATEST UPDATE!!!!

TESTBANK
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ARY CARE, 6TH EDITION
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Joyce E. Dains, Linda Ciofu Baumann & Pamela Scheibel
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Test Bank for Advanced Health Assessment & Clinical Diagnosis in Primary Care 6t
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Chapter 1: Clinical Reasoning, Differential Diagnosis, Evidence-Based Practice, and Symptom Analysis
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Multiple Choice
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Identify the choice that best completes the statement oranswers thequestion.
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1. Which type of clinical decision-making is most reliable?
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A. Intuitive
B. Analytical
C. Experiential
D. Augenblick

2. Which of the following is false? To obtain adequate history, health-care providers must be:
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A. Methodical and systematic mv sb


B. Attentive to the patient’s verbal and nonverbal languag
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C. Able to accurately interpret the patient’s responses
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D. Adept at reading into the patient’s statements
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3. Essential parts of a health history include all of the following except:
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A. Chief complaint mv


B. History of the present illness
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C. Current vital signs mv mv


D. All of the above are essential history componen
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4. Which of the following is false? While performing the physical examination, the examiner must be able to:
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A. Differentiate between normal and abnormal findings sb mv mv sb mv


B. Recall knowledge of a range of conditions and their associated signs and symptom
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C. Recognize how certain conditions affect the response to other conditions
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D. Foresee unpredictable findings mv mv




5. The following is the least reliable source of information for diagnostic statistics:
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A. Evidence-based investigations sb


B. Primary reports of research mv mv sb


C. Estimation based on a provider’s experience
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D. Published meta-analyses sb




6. The following can be used to assist in sound clinical decision-making:
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A. Algorithm published in a peer-reviewed journal article
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B. Clinical practice guidelines mv mv


C. Evidence-based research sb


D. All of the above
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7. If a diagnostic studyhas high sensitivity, this indicates a:
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A. High percentage of persons with the given condition will have an abnormal resu
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B. Low percentage of persons with the given condition will have an abnormal res
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C. Low likelihood of normal result in persons without a given condition
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D. None of the above mv mv mv




8. If a diagnostic studyhas high specificity, this indicates a:
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A. Low percentage of healthy individuals will show a normal result
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B. High percentage of healthy individuals will show a normal result
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C. High percentage of individuals with a disorder will show a normal result
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D. Low percentage of individuals with a disorder will show an abnormal resu
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9. A likelihood ratio above 1 indicates that a diagnostic test showing a:
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A. Positive result is strongly associated with the disease
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B. Negative result is strongly associated with absence of the diseas
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C. Positive result is weakly associated with the disease
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D. Negative result is weakly associated with absence of the disease
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10. Which of the following clinical reasoning tools is defined as evidence-
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based resource based on mathematical modeling to express the likelihood of a condition in select situations, settings, and
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A. Clinical practice guideline mv mv


B. Clinical decision rule mv mv


C. Clinical algorithm mv




Chapter 1: Clinical reasoning, differential diagnosis, evidence-based practice, and symptom ana
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Answer Section
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MULTIPLE CHOICE mv




1. ANS: B
Croskerry (2009) describes two major types of clinical diagnostic decision-
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making: intuitive and analytical. Intuitive decision- making (similar to Augenblink decision-
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making) is based on the experience and intuition of the clinician and is less reliable and paired with fairly common error
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s. In c ontrast, analytical decision-making is based on careful consideration and has greater reliability with rare errors.
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PTS: 1
2. ANS: D
To obtain adequate history, providers must be well organized, attentive to the patient’s verbal and nonverbal language, and
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able to accurately interpret the patient’s responses to questions. Rather than reading into the patient’s statements, they
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clarify any areas of uncertainty.
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PTS: 1
3. ANS: C
Vital signs are part of the physical examination portion of patient assessment, not part of the health history.
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PTS: 1
4. ANS: D
While performing the physical examination, the examiner must be able to differentiate between normal and abnormal find
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ings, recall knowledge of a range of conditions, including their associated signs and symptoms, recognize how certain condi
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tions affec t the response to other conditions, and distinguish the relevance of varied abnormal findings.
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PTS: 1
5. ANS: C
Sources for diagnostic statistics include textbooks, primary reports of research, and published meta-
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analyses. Another source of statistics, the one that has been most widelyused and available for application to the reasoning p
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roce ss, is the estimation based on a provider’s experience, although these are rarely accurate. Over the past decade, the
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availability of evidence on which to base clinical reasoning is improving, and there is an increasing expectation that
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vclinical reasoning b e based on scientific evidence.
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Evidence-based statistics are also increasingly being used to develop resources to facilitate clinical decision-making.
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PTS: 1
6. ANS: D
To assist in clinical decision-making, a number of evidence-
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based resources have been developed to assist the clinician. Resources, such as algorithms and clinical practice guidelines,
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assi st in clinical reasoning when properly applied.
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PTS: 1
7. ANS: A
The sensitivity of a diagnostic study is the percentage of individuals with the target condition who show an abnormal, or positive
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, result. A high sensitivity indicates that a greater percentage of persons with the given condition will have an abnormal result.
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PTS: 1
8. ANS: B
The specificity of a diagnostic study is the percentage of normal, healthy individuals who have a normal result. The great
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er the specificity, the greater the percentage of individuals who will have negative, or normal, results if they do not hav
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e the target condition.
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PTS: 1
9. ANS: A
The likelihood ratio is the probability that a positive test result will be associated with a person who has the target conditio
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n and a negative result will be associated with a healthy person. A likelihood ratio above 1 indicates that a positive re
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sult is associate d with the disease; a likelihood ratio less than 1 indicates that a negative result is associated with an abs
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ence of the disease.
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PTS: 1
10. ANS: B
Clinical decision (or prediction) rules provide another support for clinical reasoning. Clinical decision rules are evide
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nce-
based resources that provide probabilistic statements regarding the likelihood that a condition exists if certain variables
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are m et with regard to the prognosis of patients with specific findings. Decision rules use mathematical models and are
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specific to certain situations, settings, and/or patient characteristics.
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PTS: 1