PATHOPHYSIOLOGY EXAM 1 – UTA Question and
Answer (2026/2027) | Complete Revision Guide
| A+ Verified
• compensation -✓✓return to homeostasis
• decompensation -✓✓failure to adapt
• precipitating factor -✓✓a condition or event that does cause a pathologic event or
disorder
• etiology -✓✓the cause or origin of a disease
• idiopathic -✓✓dz with unidentifiable cause
• iatrogenic -✓✓occurs as a result of medical treatment
• nosocomial -✓✓hospital acquired infection
• signs -✓✓objectively observed by trained observer
• symptoms -✓✓Subjective characteristics of disease felt only by the patient
• proximal -✓✓close to the core
• prognosis -✓✓a prediction of the course of a disease
• sequela -✓✓the aftermath of a particular disease
• ab- -✓✓away from
• ad- -✓✓toward
• aer- -✓✓air, gas
• -algia -✓✓pain, painful condition
• -blast -✓✓immature cell
• dys- -✓✓bad, painful, difficult
, • -iasis/-osis -✓✓pathological state
• idio- -✓✓peculiar
• -ostomy -✓✓artificial opening
• -osis -✓✓pathological state
• -otomy -✓✓cutting into
• -plasty -✓✓molding, surgical formation
• -scopy -✓✓process of viewing
• ventral -✓✓front
• oncogene -✓✓cancer causing gene
• multifactorial genetic disorders -✓✓a combination of environmental triggers and
variations /mutations of genes plus sometimes inherited tendencies.
• Teratogen -✓✓an agent or factor that causes malformation of an embryo. ex) FAS,
thalidomide
• Down Syndrome -✓✓Trisomy 21
• Philadelphia chromosome -✓✓chronic myelogenous leukemia, translocation
• autosomal recessive -✓✓cystic fibrosis, sickle cell anemia (abnormal Hgb), McArdle's
disease
• ischemic pain -✓✓results from sudden loss of blood flow to the tissues
• autosomal dominant -✓✓polycystic kidney disease, Huntington's disease
(neurodegenerative), Marfan's Syndrome (connective tissue)
• polycystic kidney disease -✓✓ss: hematuria, proteinuria, kidney infections,
costovertebral pain, kidney stones (autosomal dom)
• hypoxia sequela -✓✓causes body to go thru anaerobic glycolysis
-- not enough ATP made
-- lots of Pyruvate. > lactic acid buildup > ACIDOSIS
-- w/o ATP NaK-ATPase cannot maintain ECM so signals disrupted
-- altered A/B balance (acidosis)
Answer (2026/2027) | Complete Revision Guide
| A+ Verified
• compensation -✓✓return to homeostasis
• decompensation -✓✓failure to adapt
• precipitating factor -✓✓a condition or event that does cause a pathologic event or
disorder
• etiology -✓✓the cause or origin of a disease
• idiopathic -✓✓dz with unidentifiable cause
• iatrogenic -✓✓occurs as a result of medical treatment
• nosocomial -✓✓hospital acquired infection
• signs -✓✓objectively observed by trained observer
• symptoms -✓✓Subjective characteristics of disease felt only by the patient
• proximal -✓✓close to the core
• prognosis -✓✓a prediction of the course of a disease
• sequela -✓✓the aftermath of a particular disease
• ab- -✓✓away from
• ad- -✓✓toward
• aer- -✓✓air, gas
• -algia -✓✓pain, painful condition
• -blast -✓✓immature cell
• dys- -✓✓bad, painful, difficult
, • -iasis/-osis -✓✓pathological state
• idio- -✓✓peculiar
• -ostomy -✓✓artificial opening
• -osis -✓✓pathological state
• -otomy -✓✓cutting into
• -plasty -✓✓molding, surgical formation
• -scopy -✓✓process of viewing
• ventral -✓✓front
• oncogene -✓✓cancer causing gene
• multifactorial genetic disorders -✓✓a combination of environmental triggers and
variations /mutations of genes plus sometimes inherited tendencies.
• Teratogen -✓✓an agent or factor that causes malformation of an embryo. ex) FAS,
thalidomide
• Down Syndrome -✓✓Trisomy 21
• Philadelphia chromosome -✓✓chronic myelogenous leukemia, translocation
• autosomal recessive -✓✓cystic fibrosis, sickle cell anemia (abnormal Hgb), McArdle's
disease
• ischemic pain -✓✓results from sudden loss of blood flow to the tissues
• autosomal dominant -✓✓polycystic kidney disease, Huntington's disease
(neurodegenerative), Marfan's Syndrome (connective tissue)
• polycystic kidney disease -✓✓ss: hematuria, proteinuria, kidney infections,
costovertebral pain, kidney stones (autosomal dom)
• hypoxia sequela -✓✓causes body to go thru anaerobic glycolysis
-- not enough ATP made
-- lots of Pyruvate. > lactic acid buildup > ACIDOSIS
-- w/o ATP NaK-ATPase cannot maintain ECM so signals disrupted
-- altered A/B balance (acidosis)
