nurs 5350 M3 Lesson 3 Practice
Questions With Complete
Solutions.
Course
NURS 5350
Note: These are original graduate-level practice questions designed in the style commonly
found in NURS 5350 courses (Advanced Pathophysiology/Advanced Health
Assessment/Advanced Practice Nursing). They are intended for study purposes and are not
reproduced from any proprietary exam.
Question 1
A nurse practitioner evaluates a 58-year-old patient with poorly controlled hypertension and type
2 diabetes mellitus. Which factor places the patient at the greatest risk for chronic kidney
disease (CKD) progression?
A. Controlled hyperlipidemia
B. Persistent hypertension
C. Seasonal allergies
D. Mild anemia
Correct Answer: B. Persistent hypertension
Solution
Hypertension is one of the leading causes of CKD progression. Elevated systemic pressure
damages the renal glomeruli, causing nephron loss and declining glomerular filtration rate
(GFR). Tight blood pressure control slows CKD progression.
Key Point: Blood pressure control is one of the most effective strategies to preserve kidney
function.
Question 2
Which laboratory value is the best indicator of overall kidney function?
A. Blood urea nitrogen (BUN)
B. Serum creatinine alone
,C. Estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR)
D. Serum potassium
Correct Answer: C. Estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR)
Solution
The eGFR provides the best estimate of kidney filtration capacity by incorporating serum
creatinine, age, sex, and sometimes race. It is used to stage CKD.
Normal: ≥90 mL/min/1.73 m²
CKD: <60 mL/min/1.73 m² for at least 3 months
Question 3
A patient presents with fever, dysuria, flank pain, and costovertebral angle tenderness. Which
diagnosis is most likely?
A. Acute cystitis
B. Pyelonephritis
C. Nephrotic syndrome
D. Renal calculi
Correct Answer: B. Pyelonephritis
Solution
Pyelonephritis is an upper urinary tract infection characterized by:
Fever
Chills
Flank pain
Costovertebral angle tenderness
Dysuria
Nausea/vomiting
Prompt antibiotic therapy is required to prevent complications.
Question 4
, Which electrolyte abnormality is most commonly associated with advanced chronic kidney
disease?
A. Hypokalemia
B. Hyperkalemia
C. Hypernatremia
D. Hypocalcemia only
Correct Answer: B. Hyperkalemia
Solution
As kidney function declines, potassium excretion decreases, increasing the risk of hyperkalemia,
which may cause life-threatening cardiac dysrhythmias.
Clinical Manifestations:
Muscle weakness
Paresthesias
Peaked T waves
Widened QRS complexes
Question 5
A patient with nephrotic syndrome is expected to exhibit which classic finding?
A. Gross hematuria
B. Massive proteinuria
C. Severe leukocytosis
D. Respiratory alkalosis
Correct Answer: B. Massive proteinuria
Solution
Nephrotic syndrome is characterized by:
Proteinuria (>3.5 g/day)
Hypoalbuminemia
Generalized edema
Questions With Complete
Solutions.
Course
NURS 5350
Note: These are original graduate-level practice questions designed in the style commonly
found in NURS 5350 courses (Advanced Pathophysiology/Advanced Health
Assessment/Advanced Practice Nursing). They are intended for study purposes and are not
reproduced from any proprietary exam.
Question 1
A nurse practitioner evaluates a 58-year-old patient with poorly controlled hypertension and type
2 diabetes mellitus. Which factor places the patient at the greatest risk for chronic kidney
disease (CKD) progression?
A. Controlled hyperlipidemia
B. Persistent hypertension
C. Seasonal allergies
D. Mild anemia
Correct Answer: B. Persistent hypertension
Solution
Hypertension is one of the leading causes of CKD progression. Elevated systemic pressure
damages the renal glomeruli, causing nephron loss and declining glomerular filtration rate
(GFR). Tight blood pressure control slows CKD progression.
Key Point: Blood pressure control is one of the most effective strategies to preserve kidney
function.
Question 2
Which laboratory value is the best indicator of overall kidney function?
A. Blood urea nitrogen (BUN)
B. Serum creatinine alone
,C. Estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR)
D. Serum potassium
Correct Answer: C. Estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR)
Solution
The eGFR provides the best estimate of kidney filtration capacity by incorporating serum
creatinine, age, sex, and sometimes race. It is used to stage CKD.
Normal: ≥90 mL/min/1.73 m²
CKD: <60 mL/min/1.73 m² for at least 3 months
Question 3
A patient presents with fever, dysuria, flank pain, and costovertebral angle tenderness. Which
diagnosis is most likely?
A. Acute cystitis
B. Pyelonephritis
C. Nephrotic syndrome
D. Renal calculi
Correct Answer: B. Pyelonephritis
Solution
Pyelonephritis is an upper urinary tract infection characterized by:
Fever
Chills
Flank pain
Costovertebral angle tenderness
Dysuria
Nausea/vomiting
Prompt antibiotic therapy is required to prevent complications.
Question 4
, Which electrolyte abnormality is most commonly associated with advanced chronic kidney
disease?
A. Hypokalemia
B. Hyperkalemia
C. Hypernatremia
D. Hypocalcemia only
Correct Answer: B. Hyperkalemia
Solution
As kidney function declines, potassium excretion decreases, increasing the risk of hyperkalemia,
which may cause life-threatening cardiac dysrhythmias.
Clinical Manifestations:
Muscle weakness
Paresthesias
Peaked T waves
Widened QRS complexes
Question 5
A patient with nephrotic syndrome is expected to exhibit which classic finding?
A. Gross hematuria
B. Massive proteinuria
C. Severe leukocytosis
D. Respiratory alkalosis
Correct Answer: B. Massive proteinuria
Solution
Nephrotic syndrome is characterized by:
Proteinuria (>3.5 g/day)
Hypoalbuminemia
Generalized edema
