FCCN LEVEL 1 CERTIFICATION
EVALUATION 2026 FULL SOLUTION VIEW
AHEAD QUESTIONS
◉ ADH (antidiuretic hormone)
Answer: - water retainer
- vasoconstrictor (also called Vasopressin)
- produced by hypothalamus
- store and released from posterior pituitary
◉ ADH pathway
Answer: - hypothalamus senses low blood volumed and increased
serum osmolality
- signal pituitary to release ADH
- ADH causes kidney to retain water
- water retention increases blood volume and decreases serum
osmolality
,◉ ANP (atrial natriuretic peptide)
Answer: - cardiac hormone stored in atria
- released when atrial pressure increases
*works opposite of RAAS by decreasing BP and reducing
intravascular volume
- important diagnostic marker in CHF
◉ hydrostatic pressure
Answer: - forces fluids and solutes through the capillary wall and
into the tissue spaces
◉ colloid osmotic pressure
Answer: - pulling force of albumin in the intravascular spaces
- pull fluid into vasculature
◉ maintenance fluid therapy
Answer: - replaces normal ongoing losses of water and electrolytes
(urine, sweat, respiration, stool)
,◉ replacement therapy
Answer: - corrects any existing water and or electrolyte deficits
◉ isotonic fluids
Answer: - tonicity equal to plasma in the body
- no fluid shifts because the solutions are equally concentrated
- LR
- NS
- D5W
◉ hypotonic fluids
Answer: - lower concentration of solutes in the vasculature than in
the cell
- fluid shifts into the cell to dilute the electrolytes (CELL SWELLS)
- 0.45NS
◉ hypertonic fluid
Answer: - higher concentration of solutes in the vasculature than in
the cell
, - pulls fluid out of cells and into the vessels (CELL SHRINKS)
- D5 .45NS
- D5NS
- D5LR
- 3%, 7%, 23.4% NaCl
◉ colloids
Answer: - pull fluid into bloodstream
Albumin
- 5% is osmotically equal to plasma
- 25% draws 4 times the normal volume into the circulation
◉ blood
Answer: - not a risk free fluid replacement
- this is liquid transplant
◉ third spacing
Answer: - fluid is not lost from the body but the fluid is not available
for use in the intracellular or extracellular compartments (fluid is in
between tissues/cells)
EVALUATION 2026 FULL SOLUTION VIEW
AHEAD QUESTIONS
◉ ADH (antidiuretic hormone)
Answer: - water retainer
- vasoconstrictor (also called Vasopressin)
- produced by hypothalamus
- store and released from posterior pituitary
◉ ADH pathway
Answer: - hypothalamus senses low blood volumed and increased
serum osmolality
- signal pituitary to release ADH
- ADH causes kidney to retain water
- water retention increases blood volume and decreases serum
osmolality
,◉ ANP (atrial natriuretic peptide)
Answer: - cardiac hormone stored in atria
- released when atrial pressure increases
*works opposite of RAAS by decreasing BP and reducing
intravascular volume
- important diagnostic marker in CHF
◉ hydrostatic pressure
Answer: - forces fluids and solutes through the capillary wall and
into the tissue spaces
◉ colloid osmotic pressure
Answer: - pulling force of albumin in the intravascular spaces
- pull fluid into vasculature
◉ maintenance fluid therapy
Answer: - replaces normal ongoing losses of water and electrolytes
(urine, sweat, respiration, stool)
,◉ replacement therapy
Answer: - corrects any existing water and or electrolyte deficits
◉ isotonic fluids
Answer: - tonicity equal to plasma in the body
- no fluid shifts because the solutions are equally concentrated
- LR
- NS
- D5W
◉ hypotonic fluids
Answer: - lower concentration of solutes in the vasculature than in
the cell
- fluid shifts into the cell to dilute the electrolytes (CELL SWELLS)
- 0.45NS
◉ hypertonic fluid
Answer: - higher concentration of solutes in the vasculature than in
the cell
, - pulls fluid out of cells and into the vessels (CELL SHRINKS)
- D5 .45NS
- D5NS
- D5LR
- 3%, 7%, 23.4% NaCl
◉ colloids
Answer: - pull fluid into bloodstream
Albumin
- 5% is osmotically equal to plasma
- 25% draws 4 times the normal volume into the circulation
◉ blood
Answer: - not a risk free fluid replacement
- this is liquid transplant
◉ third spacing
Answer: - fluid is not lost from the body but the fluid is not available
for use in the intracellular or extracellular compartments (fluid is in
between tissues/cells)
