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The Biologic Basis for Disease in
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a comprehensive study guide-
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2022
Kathryn L. McCance, Sue E. Huether
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,Contents
Chapter 01: Cellular Biology ...................................................................................................................... 4
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Chapter 02: Altered Cellular and Tissue Biology: Environmental Agents ..................................................... 18
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Chapter 03: The Cellular Environment: Fluids and Electrolytes, Acids and Bases ......................................... 31
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Chapter 04: Genes and Genetic Diseases.................................................................................................. 44
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Chapter 05: Genes, Environment-Lifestyle, and Common Diseases............................................................ 55
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Chapter 06: Epigenetics and Disease........................................................................................................ 63
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Chapter 07: Innate Immunity: Inflammation and Wound Healing .............................................................. 68
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Chapter 08: Adaptive Immunity............................................................................................................... 83
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Chapter 09: Alterations in Immunity and Inflammation............................................................................. 95
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Chapter 10: Infection ............................................................................................................................ 108
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Chapter 11: Stress and Disease .............................................................................................................. 117
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Chapter 12: Cancer Biology ................................................................................................................... 124
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Chapter 13: Cancer Epidemiology .......................................................................................................... 137
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Chapter 14: Cancer in Children .............................................................................................................. 143
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Chapter 15: Structure and Function of the Neurologic System ................................................................. 148
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Chapter 16: Pain, Temperature Regulation, Sleep, and Sensory Function ................................................. 159
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Chapter 17: Alterations in Cognitive Systems, Cerebral Hemodynamics, and Motor Function .................... 174
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Chapter 18: Disorders of the Central and Peripheral Nervous Systems and the Neuromuscular Junction
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. .........................................................................................................................................................188
Chapter 19: Neurobiology of Schizophrenia, Mood Disorders, and Anxiety Disorders ............................... 199
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Chapter 20: Alterations of Neurologic Function in Children...................................................................... 206
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Chapter 21: Mechanisms of Hormonal Regulation .................................................................................. 213
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Chapter 22: Alterations of Hormonal Regulation..................................................................................... 222
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Chapter 23: Obesity and Disorders of Nutrition ...................................................................................... 234
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Chapter 24: Structure and Function of the Reproductive Systems ............................................................ 239
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Chapter 25: Alterations of the Female Reproductive System ................................................................... 249
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Chapter 26: Alterations of the Male Reproductive System....................................................................... 259
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Chapter 27: Sexually Transmitted Infections .......................................................................................... 265
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Chapter 28: Structure and Function of the Hematologic System............................................................... 273
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Chapter 29: Alterations of Erythrocytes, Platelets, and Hemostatic Function ............................................ 283
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,Chapter 30: Alterations of Leukocyte and Lymphoid Function ................................................................. 293
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Chapter 31: Alterations of Hematologic Function in Children ................................................................... 300
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Chapter 32: Structure and Function of the Cardiovascular and Lymphatic Systems.................................... 311
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Chapter 33: Alterations of Cardiovascular Function ................................................................................ 324
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Chapter 34: Alterations of Cardiovascular Function in Children ................................................................ 338
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Chapter 35: Structure and Function of the Pulmonary System ................................................................. 346
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Chapter 36: Alterations of Pulmonary Function ...................................................................................... 356
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Chapter 37: Alterations of Pulmonary Function in Children...................................................................... 373
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Chapter 38: Structure and Function of the Renal and Urologic Systems .................................................... 381
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Chapter 39: Alterations of Renal and Urinary Tract Function .................................................................... 391
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Chapter 40: Alterations of Renal and Urinary Tract Function in Children ................................................... 401
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Chapter 41: Structure and Function of the Digestive System .................................................................... 409
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Chapter 42: Alterations of Digestive Function ......................................................................................... 421
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Chapter 43: Alterations of Digestive Function in Children ........................................................................ 432
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Chapter 44: Structure and Function of the Musculoskeletal System ......................................................... 441
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Chapter 45: Alterations of Musculoskeletal Function .............................................................................. 453
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Chapter 46: Alterations of Musculoskeletal Function in Children ............................................................. 466
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Chapter 47: Structure, Function, and Disorders of the Integument........................................................... 475
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Chapter 48: Alterations of the Integument in Children ............................................................................ 486
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Chapter 49: Shock, Multiple Organ Dysfunction Syndrome, and Burns in Adults........................................ 494
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Chapter 50: Shock, Multiple Organ Dysfunction Syndrome, and Burns in Children .................................... 502
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, Chapter 01: Cellular Biology
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MULTIPLE CHOICE L
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1. Which statement best describes the cellular function of metabolic absorption?
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a. Cells can produce proteins. L
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b. Cells can secrete digestive enzymes. L
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c. Cells can take in and use nutrients. L
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d. Cells can synthesize fats. L
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ANS: C T L
In metabolic absorption, all cells take in and use nutrients and other substances from their
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Tsurroundings. The remaining options are not inclusive in their descriptions of cellular metabolic
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PTS: T L T L 1 DIF: Cognitive Level: Remembering L
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2. Where is most of a cell’s genetic information, including RNA and DNA, contained?
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a. Mitochondria
b. Ribosome
c. Nucleolus
d. Lysosome
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The nucleus contains the nucleolus, a small dense structure composed largely of RNA, most of
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the cellular DNA, and the DNA-binding proteins, such as the histones, which regulate its
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activity. The mitochondria are responsible for cellular respiration and energy production.
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Ribosomes’ chief function is to provide sites for cellular protein synthesis. Lysosomes function as
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the intracellular digestive system.
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3. Which component of the cell produces hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) by using oxygen to remove
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hydrogen atoms from specific substrates in an oxidative reaction?
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a. Lysosomes
b. Peroxisomes
c. Ribosomes
d. Endosome
ANS: B T L