RV pressure overload causes what, while RV volume overload causes what? - ANSWER rv
pressure = septal flattening during whole cardiac cycle
rv volume = septal flattening only in diastole
what is the most common complication seen with a septal myectomy that is performed to
correct asymmetrical septal hypertropny? - ANSWER vsd
chest pain increasing at night and dyspnea, accompanied by a "knocking" sound with
auscultation are clinical findings that are most consistent with? - ANSWER pericarditis
(restricted diastolic filling = knock)
What must be present in order to diagnose overriding aorta? - ANSWER vsd (overriding
aorta refers to aorta receiving blood from both ventricles)
a 50 year old presents with a recent onset of dyspnea and an abnormal ekg tracing a recent
MI? - ANSWER a patient most likely has an RV infarct that causes the flail tricuspid leaflet
vegetation formation on a starr-edwards valve is called? - ANSWER sub-acute bacterial
endocarditis
there are two types of endocarditis, what are they? - ANSWER 1. acute - infection of a
normal cardiac valve
2. sub acute - infection of abnormal valve (associated with prolapse, rheumatic disease, and
prosthetic valves)
1
, the ____ defect is located adjacent to the atrioventricular valves in the inferior septum? -
ANSWER septum primum
the ___ defect is located adjacent to the atrioventricular valves in superior ventricular
septum? - ANSWER perimembranous
the pattern of wall hypertrophy in hypertension heart disease is ___, and in hypertrophic
cardiomyopathy the pattern is usually ___? - ANSWER symmertic, asymmetric
carnitine deficiency is associated with? - ANSWER dilated cardiomyopathy
what is the most common type to infiltrative cardiomyopathy? - ANSWER amyloidosis
patients with marfan syndrome have abnormal levels of what proteins that affect the
connective tissues of the body? - ANSWER increased levels of transforming growth factor
beta and decreased fibrillin-1
what effect will dilated cardiomyopathy have on the left ventricle outflow velocity? -
ANSWER decrease
you are performing an echo on a patient with suspected congenital heart disease. you
identify a bi-leaflet valve that demonstrates an anterior leaflet that is longer than the
posterior leaflet. the posterior leaflet also appears to have a scalloped edge. these
characteristics are most consistent with the normal? - ANSWER mitral valve
____ is associated with syncope due to decreased oxygenated blood flow reaching the
brain? - ANSWER moderate/severe aortic stenosis
2
pressure = septal flattening during whole cardiac cycle
rv volume = septal flattening only in diastole
what is the most common complication seen with a septal myectomy that is performed to
correct asymmetrical septal hypertropny? - ANSWER vsd
chest pain increasing at night and dyspnea, accompanied by a "knocking" sound with
auscultation are clinical findings that are most consistent with? - ANSWER pericarditis
(restricted diastolic filling = knock)
What must be present in order to diagnose overriding aorta? - ANSWER vsd (overriding
aorta refers to aorta receiving blood from both ventricles)
a 50 year old presents with a recent onset of dyspnea and an abnormal ekg tracing a recent
MI? - ANSWER a patient most likely has an RV infarct that causes the flail tricuspid leaflet
vegetation formation on a starr-edwards valve is called? - ANSWER sub-acute bacterial
endocarditis
there are two types of endocarditis, what are they? - ANSWER 1. acute - infection of a
normal cardiac valve
2. sub acute - infection of abnormal valve (associated with prolapse, rheumatic disease, and
prosthetic valves)
1
, the ____ defect is located adjacent to the atrioventricular valves in the inferior septum? -
ANSWER septum primum
the ___ defect is located adjacent to the atrioventricular valves in superior ventricular
septum? - ANSWER perimembranous
the pattern of wall hypertrophy in hypertension heart disease is ___, and in hypertrophic
cardiomyopathy the pattern is usually ___? - ANSWER symmertic, asymmetric
carnitine deficiency is associated with? - ANSWER dilated cardiomyopathy
what is the most common type to infiltrative cardiomyopathy? - ANSWER amyloidosis
patients with marfan syndrome have abnormal levels of what proteins that affect the
connective tissues of the body? - ANSWER increased levels of transforming growth factor
beta and decreased fibrillin-1
what effect will dilated cardiomyopathy have on the left ventricle outflow velocity? -
ANSWER decrease
you are performing an echo on a patient with suspected congenital heart disease. you
identify a bi-leaflet valve that demonstrates an anterior leaflet that is longer than the
posterior leaflet. the posterior leaflet also appears to have a scalloped edge. these
characteristics are most consistent with the normal? - ANSWER mitral valve
____ is associated with syncope due to decreased oxygenated blood flow reaching the
brain? - ANSWER moderate/severe aortic stenosis
2
