CNUR 203 - Immunological Unit Exam
Questions and Answers with Verified
Solutions | Latest Updated 2026
Explain the pathophysiology of - RNA virus which has reverse
HIV transcriptase
allowing it to copy RNA into DNA
- DNA is replicated to infect human cells
- The immune system becomes impaired
by
infection and destruction of CD4 T cells
- Initial infection results in viremia causing
widespread viral dissemination to organs
What is the hallmark of HIV? Immunodeficiency resulting from a
deficiency of T
help (CD4) cells.
When do viral levels reach the 3-6 months after infection
viral
set point?
What is a high viral set point? Quick disease progression.
What is a low viral set point? Slow disease progression.
, Which determinants increase the - Sex
likelihood of getting HIV? - Race
- Sexual orientation
- Poverty
- Drug use
- Lack of health care access
What five conditions are required 1. Must be a source of infection
for 2. Means of transmission
HIV transmission? 3. Host that is susceptible to infection
4. Appropriate route of entry to target cells
5. Sufficient levels of virus to establish
infection
How is HIV transmitted? - Sexual contact
- Exposure to infected blood
- Exposure to transplant tissue
- Perinatal transmission
What are the risk factors for - Viral load
transmission? - Sexual behavior
- STI's
- Lack of circumcision
- Genetic background
What sexual behaviours increase - Anal receptive
the - No condom use
risk for HIV? - Increase number of partners
- Sexual activity with psychotropic agents
- Partners with unknown HIV status
- Increased trauma of sexual acts
Questions and Answers with Verified
Solutions | Latest Updated 2026
Explain the pathophysiology of - RNA virus which has reverse
HIV transcriptase
allowing it to copy RNA into DNA
- DNA is replicated to infect human cells
- The immune system becomes impaired
by
infection and destruction of CD4 T cells
- Initial infection results in viremia causing
widespread viral dissemination to organs
What is the hallmark of HIV? Immunodeficiency resulting from a
deficiency of T
help (CD4) cells.
When do viral levels reach the 3-6 months after infection
viral
set point?
What is a high viral set point? Quick disease progression.
What is a low viral set point? Slow disease progression.
, Which determinants increase the - Sex
likelihood of getting HIV? - Race
- Sexual orientation
- Poverty
- Drug use
- Lack of health care access
What five conditions are required 1. Must be a source of infection
for 2. Means of transmission
HIV transmission? 3. Host that is susceptible to infection
4. Appropriate route of entry to target cells
5. Sufficient levels of virus to establish
infection
How is HIV transmitted? - Sexual contact
- Exposure to infected blood
- Exposure to transplant tissue
- Perinatal transmission
What are the risk factors for - Viral load
transmission? - Sexual behavior
- STI's
- Lack of circumcision
- Genetic background
What sexual behaviours increase - Anal receptive
the - No condom use
risk for HIV? - Increase number of partners
- Sexual activity with psychotropic agents
- Partners with unknown HIV status
- Increased trauma of sexual acts
