NUR 635 ADVANCED PHARMACOLOGY
EXAM 2026 QUESTIONS & ANSWERS
100% CORRECT (FULLY SOLVED)
· Some drugs or exogenous substances can induce CYP
isozymes (less effect). Example.... - correct
answer- St. John's wort (CYP3A4) and hormonal
birth control
A benzodiazepine antagonist - correct answer-
flumazenil (Romazicon), a GABA receptor antagonist
Absorption - correct answer- absorption from
the administration site either directly or indirectly into the
blood/plasma.
Absorption factors - correct answer- ·
Gastrointestinal pH changes
· Gastric emptying
· Gastric/intestinal enzymes
· Bile acids & biliary function
,· Gastrointestinal flora (type and quantity of bacteria)
· Food & nutrient interactions (most common interaction
influencing GI drug absorption)
· Lipid solubility of the drug
Acute treatment of migraine headaches include -
correct answer- oral nonsteroidal anti-
inflammatory drugs (e.g., naproxen, ibuprofen), triptans
(e.g., sumatriptan), opioids, and IM dihydroergotamine
**Metoclopramide or prochlorperazine may be used in
acute migraine attacks if nausea is present
adverse reactions on warfarin - correct answer-
-bleeding (antidote is vitamin K)
-allergic reaction (rare)
Amlodipine is known to cause - correct answer-
most peripheral edema, especially pedal edema
,Angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors: - correct
answer- lisinopril, captopril, enalapril, ramipril,
benazepril, fosinopril.
Angiotensin II receptor blocking agents: - correct
answer- valsartan, losartan, candesartan, irbesartan.
Antiepileptics and migraines - correct answer-
(e.g., divalproex [Depakote, Depakene, valproic acid])
reduces the intensity and number of migraine attacks;
start with a low dose and titrate upward slowly.
**Divalproex is not recommended for use during
pregnancy (pregnancy category D).
Atrial fibrillation symptoms - correct answer-
palpitations, fainting, breathless, chest pain, dementia.
Atrial fibrillation treatment - correct answer-
anticoagulation, rate control, cardioversion, ablation,
surgery.
, Benzodiazepines increase the risk of... - correct
answer- increase falls in the elderly and other
people unsteady on their feet
Beta adrenergic blocking agents: - correct answer-
propranolol, metoprolol, esmolol (short-acting), atenolol.
Beta blockers and hypoglycemia - correct answer-
Beta blockers can mask the signs of hypoglycemia except
the diaphoresis that accompanies hypoglycemia.
Bile Acid Sequestrants - correct answer-
cholestyramine, colesevelam, colestipol
Bile acid sequestrants MOA - correct answer-
increase LDL catabolism, reduce cholesterol absorption,
but can cause an increase in VLDL production.
EXAM 2026 QUESTIONS & ANSWERS
100% CORRECT (FULLY SOLVED)
· Some drugs or exogenous substances can induce CYP
isozymes (less effect). Example.... - correct
answer- St. John's wort (CYP3A4) and hormonal
birth control
A benzodiazepine antagonist - correct answer-
flumazenil (Romazicon), a GABA receptor antagonist
Absorption - correct answer- absorption from
the administration site either directly or indirectly into the
blood/plasma.
Absorption factors - correct answer- ·
Gastrointestinal pH changes
· Gastric emptying
· Gastric/intestinal enzymes
· Bile acids & biliary function
,· Gastrointestinal flora (type and quantity of bacteria)
· Food & nutrient interactions (most common interaction
influencing GI drug absorption)
· Lipid solubility of the drug
Acute treatment of migraine headaches include -
correct answer- oral nonsteroidal anti-
inflammatory drugs (e.g., naproxen, ibuprofen), triptans
(e.g., sumatriptan), opioids, and IM dihydroergotamine
**Metoclopramide or prochlorperazine may be used in
acute migraine attacks if nausea is present
adverse reactions on warfarin - correct answer-
-bleeding (antidote is vitamin K)
-allergic reaction (rare)
Amlodipine is known to cause - correct answer-
most peripheral edema, especially pedal edema
,Angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors: - correct
answer- lisinopril, captopril, enalapril, ramipril,
benazepril, fosinopril.
Angiotensin II receptor blocking agents: - correct
answer- valsartan, losartan, candesartan, irbesartan.
Antiepileptics and migraines - correct answer-
(e.g., divalproex [Depakote, Depakene, valproic acid])
reduces the intensity and number of migraine attacks;
start with a low dose and titrate upward slowly.
**Divalproex is not recommended for use during
pregnancy (pregnancy category D).
Atrial fibrillation symptoms - correct answer-
palpitations, fainting, breathless, chest pain, dementia.
Atrial fibrillation treatment - correct answer-
anticoagulation, rate control, cardioversion, ablation,
surgery.
, Benzodiazepines increase the risk of... - correct
answer- increase falls in the elderly and other
people unsteady on their feet
Beta adrenergic blocking agents: - correct answer-
propranolol, metoprolol, esmolol (short-acting), atenolol.
Beta blockers and hypoglycemia - correct answer-
Beta blockers can mask the signs of hypoglycemia except
the diaphoresis that accompanies hypoglycemia.
Bile Acid Sequestrants - correct answer-
cholestyramine, colesevelam, colestipol
Bile acid sequestrants MOA - correct answer-
increase LDL catabolism, reduce cholesterol absorption,
but can cause an increase in VLDL production.
