PATH 370 Final
PATH 370 Final Test Review Questions and 100% Correct Answers 2026/27Updates
– WCU.
1. Cardiogenic shock is characterized by
Reduced cardiac output.
2. It is useful to conceptualize pain physiology according to the four stages because
each stage provides an opportunity for
intervention.
3. The most common cause of ischemic acute tubular necrosis (ATN) in the United States is
Sepsis
4. The most common tumor-suppressor gene defect identified in cancer cells is
P53.
5. Reperfusion injury to cells
involves formation of free radicals.
6. The activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT) is a measure of the integrity of
the intrinsic pathway.
7. The ingestion of certain drugs, foods, or chemicals can lead to secondary hypertension.
True
8. What type of fracture generally occurs in children?
Greenstick
9. Vesicoureteral reflux is associated with
recurrent cystitis.
10. Ulcerative colitis is commonly associated with
bloody diarrhea.
11. It is true that polycystic kidney disease is
genetically transmitted.
12. Epigastric pain that is relieved by food is suggestive of
gastric ulcer.
13. While in the hospital for management of acute lymphoid leukemia (ALL), a patient
develops severe thrombocytopenia. The most appropriate action for this condition
is
activity restriction.
14. Patent ductus arteriosus is accurately described as a(n)
communication between the aorta and the pulmonary artery.
15. What type of seizure usually occurs in children and is characterized by brief staring
spells?
Absence
16. What form of viral hepatitis is likely to be transmitted sexually?
Hepatitis B
17. A risk factor for osteoporosis is
early menopause.
18. The type of glomerulonephritis which is most likely to result in a swift decline in renal
function that then progresses to acute kidney injury is
crescentic glomerulonephritis.
,PATH 370 Final
19. Selye’s three phases of the stress response include all the following except
Allostasis
20. Angina caused by coronary artery spasm is called angina
Prinzmetal variant
21. Which treatment is helpful in neuropathic pain but not used for acute pain?
Anticonvulsants
22. The most common cause of intrinsic kidney injury is injury.
tubular
23. A tool used to assess levels of consciousness is
Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS).
24. The cellular component that is most susceptible to radiation injury is the
DNA
25. The megakaryocyte is a precursor to
platelets.
26. Paget’s disease is characterized by
excessive bone resorption followed by excessive formation of fragile bone.
27. A normal bleeding time in association with normal platelet count, and
increased prothrombin time (PT) and INR, is indicative of
vitamin K deficiency.
28. When a client diagnosed with COPD type A asks, “Why is my chest so big and round?”,
the nurse responds that
“Loss of elastic tissue in your lungs allows your airways to close and trap air,
which makes your chest round.”
29. The assessment findings of a 5-year-old with a history of asthma include extreme
shortness of breath, nasal flaring, coughing, pulsus paradoxus, and use of accessory
respiratory muscles. There is no wheezing and the chest is silent in many areas. How
should you interpret your assessment?
The child may be having such a severe asthma episode that the airways
are closed, so start oxygen and get the doctor immediately
30. Dysfunctional uterine bleeding (DUB) is caused by
absent or diminished levels of progesterone.
31. Signs consistent with a diagnosis of glomerulonephritis include
Proteinuria
32. Insulin binding to its receptor on target cells results in
increased facilitated cellular diffusion of glucose.
33. Which disorder is associated with a type III hypersensitivity mechanism of injury?
Systemic lupus erythematosus
34. Before making a diagnosis of Alzheimer disease
other potential causes of dementia must be ruled out.
35. Pain with passive stretching of a muscle is indicative of
,PATH 370 Final
noncontractile tissue injury.
36. Hepatitis with the presence of autoantibodies and positive antinuclear antibodies
(ANA) is
autoimmune hepatitis.
37. Systemic disorders include
rheumatoid arthritis
38. The dementia of Alzheimer disease is associated with structural changes in the
brain, including
deposition of amyloid plaques in the brain.
39. The physiologic change most likely to lead to an increase in intracranial pressure is
cerebral vasodilation.
40. How do clinical conditions that increase vascular permeability cause edema?
By allowing plasma proteins to leak into the interstitial fluid, which draws in
excess fluid by increasing the interstitial fluid osmotic pressure
41. Metaplasia is
the replacement of one differentiated cell type with another.
42. Which statement is true about the incidence of multiple sclerosis?
The age of onset ranges from 20 to 50 years.
43. Patients presenting with symptoms of unstable angina and no ST segment elevation
are treated with
antiplatelet drugs.
44. Coagulative necrosis is caused by
interrupted blood supply.
45. Which causes vasoconstriction?
Norepinephrine
46. Lusitropic impairment refers to
impaired diastolic relaxation.
47. The HPV vaccine is recommended for 11- to 12-year-old girls, but can be administered to
girls as young as years of age.
a. 9
48. Emphysema results from destruction of alveolar walls and capillaries, which is
because of
release of proteolytic enzymes from immune cells
49. Infection by accounts for nearly half of all reported cases of vulvovaginitis
Candida albicans
50. Which condition enhances lymphatic flow?
Increased interstitial fluid colloid osmotic pressure
51. The urinalysis finding most indicative of cystitis includes the presence of
Nitrites
, PATH 370 Final
52. Which blood pressure reading is considered to be indicative of prehypertension
according to the JNC-7 criteria?
128/82
53. Legionnaires disease is characterized by
presence of systemic illness.
54. Manifestations of acute brain ischemia (Cushing reflex) are due primarily to
sympathetic nervous system activation.
55. sympathetic nervous system activation.
a barking cough.
56. Calcitonin is produced by thyroid parafollicular cells and increases bone formation by
osteoblasts.
57. High blood pressure increases the workload of the left ventricle, because it increases
Afterload
58. A change occurring in a pregnant woman that is indicative of a potential disorder is
increased urinary protein.
59. A patient with a history of alcoholism presents with hematemesis and profound anemia.
The expected diagnosis is
gastroesophageal varices.
60. What effect do demyelinating disorders such as multiple sclerosis have
on neurotransmission?
Slower rate of action potential conduction
61. In general, with aging, organ size and function
decrease.
62. Clinical manifestations of a stroke within the right cerebral hemisphere include
left-sided muscle weakness and neglect.
63. A low mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (MCHC) and mean corpuscular
volume (MCV) are characteristic of which type of anemia?
Iron deficiency
64. When exposed to inhaled allergens, a patient with asthma produces large quantities of
IgE.
65. The effects of excessive cortisol production include
immune suppression.
66. One of the most common causes of acute tubular necrosis (ATN) is
ischemic conditions
67. Barrett esophagus is a
preneoplastic lesion.
68. An early indicator of colon cancer is
a change in bowel habits.
69. Which symptom suggests the presence of a hiatal hernia?
Heartburn
PATH 370 Final Test Review Questions and 100% Correct Answers 2026/27Updates
– WCU.
1. Cardiogenic shock is characterized by
Reduced cardiac output.
2. It is useful to conceptualize pain physiology according to the four stages because
each stage provides an opportunity for
intervention.
3. The most common cause of ischemic acute tubular necrosis (ATN) in the United States is
Sepsis
4. The most common tumor-suppressor gene defect identified in cancer cells is
P53.
5. Reperfusion injury to cells
involves formation of free radicals.
6. The activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT) is a measure of the integrity of
the intrinsic pathway.
7. The ingestion of certain drugs, foods, or chemicals can lead to secondary hypertension.
True
8. What type of fracture generally occurs in children?
Greenstick
9. Vesicoureteral reflux is associated with
recurrent cystitis.
10. Ulcerative colitis is commonly associated with
bloody diarrhea.
11. It is true that polycystic kidney disease is
genetically transmitted.
12. Epigastric pain that is relieved by food is suggestive of
gastric ulcer.
13. While in the hospital for management of acute lymphoid leukemia (ALL), a patient
develops severe thrombocytopenia. The most appropriate action for this condition
is
activity restriction.
14. Patent ductus arteriosus is accurately described as a(n)
communication between the aorta and the pulmonary artery.
15. What type of seizure usually occurs in children and is characterized by brief staring
spells?
Absence
16. What form of viral hepatitis is likely to be transmitted sexually?
Hepatitis B
17. A risk factor for osteoporosis is
early menopause.
18. The type of glomerulonephritis which is most likely to result in a swift decline in renal
function that then progresses to acute kidney injury is
crescentic glomerulonephritis.
,PATH 370 Final
19. Selye’s three phases of the stress response include all the following except
Allostasis
20. Angina caused by coronary artery spasm is called angina
Prinzmetal variant
21. Which treatment is helpful in neuropathic pain but not used for acute pain?
Anticonvulsants
22. The most common cause of intrinsic kidney injury is injury.
tubular
23. A tool used to assess levels of consciousness is
Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS).
24. The cellular component that is most susceptible to radiation injury is the
DNA
25. The megakaryocyte is a precursor to
platelets.
26. Paget’s disease is characterized by
excessive bone resorption followed by excessive formation of fragile bone.
27. A normal bleeding time in association with normal platelet count, and
increased prothrombin time (PT) and INR, is indicative of
vitamin K deficiency.
28. When a client diagnosed with COPD type A asks, “Why is my chest so big and round?”,
the nurse responds that
“Loss of elastic tissue in your lungs allows your airways to close and trap air,
which makes your chest round.”
29. The assessment findings of a 5-year-old with a history of asthma include extreme
shortness of breath, nasal flaring, coughing, pulsus paradoxus, and use of accessory
respiratory muscles. There is no wheezing and the chest is silent in many areas. How
should you interpret your assessment?
The child may be having such a severe asthma episode that the airways
are closed, so start oxygen and get the doctor immediately
30. Dysfunctional uterine bleeding (DUB) is caused by
absent or diminished levels of progesterone.
31. Signs consistent with a diagnosis of glomerulonephritis include
Proteinuria
32. Insulin binding to its receptor on target cells results in
increased facilitated cellular diffusion of glucose.
33. Which disorder is associated with a type III hypersensitivity mechanism of injury?
Systemic lupus erythematosus
34. Before making a diagnosis of Alzheimer disease
other potential causes of dementia must be ruled out.
35. Pain with passive stretching of a muscle is indicative of
,PATH 370 Final
noncontractile tissue injury.
36. Hepatitis with the presence of autoantibodies and positive antinuclear antibodies
(ANA) is
autoimmune hepatitis.
37. Systemic disorders include
rheumatoid arthritis
38. The dementia of Alzheimer disease is associated with structural changes in the
brain, including
deposition of amyloid plaques in the brain.
39. The physiologic change most likely to lead to an increase in intracranial pressure is
cerebral vasodilation.
40. How do clinical conditions that increase vascular permeability cause edema?
By allowing plasma proteins to leak into the interstitial fluid, which draws in
excess fluid by increasing the interstitial fluid osmotic pressure
41. Metaplasia is
the replacement of one differentiated cell type with another.
42. Which statement is true about the incidence of multiple sclerosis?
The age of onset ranges from 20 to 50 years.
43. Patients presenting with symptoms of unstable angina and no ST segment elevation
are treated with
antiplatelet drugs.
44. Coagulative necrosis is caused by
interrupted blood supply.
45. Which causes vasoconstriction?
Norepinephrine
46. Lusitropic impairment refers to
impaired diastolic relaxation.
47. The HPV vaccine is recommended for 11- to 12-year-old girls, but can be administered to
girls as young as years of age.
a. 9
48. Emphysema results from destruction of alveolar walls and capillaries, which is
because of
release of proteolytic enzymes from immune cells
49. Infection by accounts for nearly half of all reported cases of vulvovaginitis
Candida albicans
50. Which condition enhances lymphatic flow?
Increased interstitial fluid colloid osmotic pressure
51. The urinalysis finding most indicative of cystitis includes the presence of
Nitrites
, PATH 370 Final
52. Which blood pressure reading is considered to be indicative of prehypertension
according to the JNC-7 criteria?
128/82
53. Legionnaires disease is characterized by
presence of systemic illness.
54. Manifestations of acute brain ischemia (Cushing reflex) are due primarily to
sympathetic nervous system activation.
55. sympathetic nervous system activation.
a barking cough.
56. Calcitonin is produced by thyroid parafollicular cells and increases bone formation by
osteoblasts.
57. High blood pressure increases the workload of the left ventricle, because it increases
Afterload
58. A change occurring in a pregnant woman that is indicative of a potential disorder is
increased urinary protein.
59. A patient with a history of alcoholism presents with hematemesis and profound anemia.
The expected diagnosis is
gastroesophageal varices.
60. What effect do demyelinating disorders such as multiple sclerosis have
on neurotransmission?
Slower rate of action potential conduction
61. In general, with aging, organ size and function
decrease.
62. Clinical manifestations of a stroke within the right cerebral hemisphere include
left-sided muscle weakness and neglect.
63. A low mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (MCHC) and mean corpuscular
volume (MCV) are characteristic of which type of anemia?
Iron deficiency
64. When exposed to inhaled allergens, a patient with asthma produces large quantities of
IgE.
65. The effects of excessive cortisol production include
immune suppression.
66. One of the most common causes of acute tubular necrosis (ATN) is
ischemic conditions
67. Barrett esophagus is a
preneoplastic lesion.
68. An early indicator of colon cancer is
a change in bowel habits.
69. Which symptom suggests the presence of a hiatal hernia?
Heartburn
