ATI FUNDAMENTALS FOR NURSING
EDITION 11 2026 COMPLETE EXAM
QUESTIONS SOLUTIONS GRADED A+
◉ Diagnosis:
Answer: nurse makes a nursing diagnosis based on assessment of
patient; not a medical diagnosis
◉ Planning:
Answer: nurse comes up with client-centered goals; need to be
measurable (client will ambulate 10 meters 3x daily for 2 wks)
◉ Implementing:
Answer: following through with plan that was developed for the patient
◉ Evaluation:
Answer: goal was met, partially met, not met; how effective the plan
was for the patient and what should be changed for the patient
◉ Normal range for temperature
Answer: 96.8-100.4
◉ Normal range for pulse
Answer: 60-100
,◉ Normal range for respirations
Answer: 12-20
◉ Normal range for BP
Answer: 100/60-140-90
◉ Normal range for pulse ox.
Answer: >95%
◉ SOLER
Answer: sit close, observe, lean forward, eye contact, relax
◉ Types of pain
Answer: acute, chronic, cancer, by inferred pathology, idiopathic
◉ Pain threshold
Answer: level of stimulus needed to produce the perception of pain
◉ Pain tolerance
Answer: amount of pain a patient endures without its interference of
ADLs
,◉ Factors influencing pain
Answer: age, fatigue, genes, neurological functions, social factors,
spiritual factors, psychological factors, cultural factors
◉ Behavioral responses to pain
Answer: clenching teeth, holding painful part, bent posture, grimaces,
cries or moans, restlessness, frequent requests of the nurse; confused
patient may not show reaction
◉ Pharmacological pain relief
Answer: analgesics (NSAIDS & non-opioids, opioids, adjuvants)
◉ NSAIDS & non-opiates
Answer: has analgesic/ antipyretic effects; available OTC; used for
moderate to mild pain; blocks pain impulses by inhibiting prostaglandin
synthesis; lethal when overdosed; do not take with alcohol; do not take if
liver dysfunction, possible liver failure
◉ Opioids
Answer: pain relivers that contain opium or chemically related to opium;
ordered for moderate to severe pain such as post-op, chronic non-cancer,
or cancer; depresses respiratory center, causes constipation, itching,
altered mental status
◉ Naloxone (Narcan)
Answer: opiate antagonist, reverses opioid induced resiratory depression
, ◉ Patient Controlled Analgesia (PCA)
Answer: client has control with minimum risk of overdose; system
designed to deliver no more than specific number of doses
◉ Anesthetics
Answer: depresses CNS from consciousness to unconsciousness; loss of
responsiveness to sensory stimuli including pain; muscle, skeletal, and
visceral smooth muscle relaxation; general or local
◉ Basal metabolic rate (BMR)
Answer: energy needed to maintain life
◉ Carbohydrates
Answer: main source of energy; glucose needed for brain, skeletal
muscles, production of RBC/WBC, all functions of renal medulla;
obtained from grains, fruits, veggies, milk, sugar, honey
◉ Proteins
Answer: essential from growth, maintenance, and repair of body tissue;
amino acids; complete and complementary; nitrogen balance
◉ Fats
Answer: triglycerides and fatty acids; saturated or unsaturated;
monounsaturated or polyunsaturated fatty acids; essential or nonessential
EDITION 11 2026 COMPLETE EXAM
QUESTIONS SOLUTIONS GRADED A+
◉ Diagnosis:
Answer: nurse makes a nursing diagnosis based on assessment of
patient; not a medical diagnosis
◉ Planning:
Answer: nurse comes up with client-centered goals; need to be
measurable (client will ambulate 10 meters 3x daily for 2 wks)
◉ Implementing:
Answer: following through with plan that was developed for the patient
◉ Evaluation:
Answer: goal was met, partially met, not met; how effective the plan
was for the patient and what should be changed for the patient
◉ Normal range for temperature
Answer: 96.8-100.4
◉ Normal range for pulse
Answer: 60-100
,◉ Normal range for respirations
Answer: 12-20
◉ Normal range for BP
Answer: 100/60-140-90
◉ Normal range for pulse ox.
Answer: >95%
◉ SOLER
Answer: sit close, observe, lean forward, eye contact, relax
◉ Types of pain
Answer: acute, chronic, cancer, by inferred pathology, idiopathic
◉ Pain threshold
Answer: level of stimulus needed to produce the perception of pain
◉ Pain tolerance
Answer: amount of pain a patient endures without its interference of
ADLs
,◉ Factors influencing pain
Answer: age, fatigue, genes, neurological functions, social factors,
spiritual factors, psychological factors, cultural factors
◉ Behavioral responses to pain
Answer: clenching teeth, holding painful part, bent posture, grimaces,
cries or moans, restlessness, frequent requests of the nurse; confused
patient may not show reaction
◉ Pharmacological pain relief
Answer: analgesics (NSAIDS & non-opioids, opioids, adjuvants)
◉ NSAIDS & non-opiates
Answer: has analgesic/ antipyretic effects; available OTC; used for
moderate to mild pain; blocks pain impulses by inhibiting prostaglandin
synthesis; lethal when overdosed; do not take with alcohol; do not take if
liver dysfunction, possible liver failure
◉ Opioids
Answer: pain relivers that contain opium or chemically related to opium;
ordered for moderate to severe pain such as post-op, chronic non-cancer,
or cancer; depresses respiratory center, causes constipation, itching,
altered mental status
◉ Naloxone (Narcan)
Answer: opiate antagonist, reverses opioid induced resiratory depression
, ◉ Patient Controlled Analgesia (PCA)
Answer: client has control with minimum risk of overdose; system
designed to deliver no more than specific number of doses
◉ Anesthetics
Answer: depresses CNS from consciousness to unconsciousness; loss of
responsiveness to sensory stimuli including pain; muscle, skeletal, and
visceral smooth muscle relaxation; general or local
◉ Basal metabolic rate (BMR)
Answer: energy needed to maintain life
◉ Carbohydrates
Answer: main source of energy; glucose needed for brain, skeletal
muscles, production of RBC/WBC, all functions of renal medulla;
obtained from grains, fruits, veggies, milk, sugar, honey
◉ Proteins
Answer: essential from growth, maintenance, and repair of body tissue;
amino acids; complete and complementary; nitrogen balance
◉ Fats
Answer: triglycerides and fatty acids; saturated or unsaturated;
monounsaturated or polyunsaturated fatty acids; essential or nonessential
