WILKES UNIVERSITY
Graduate Nursing
NSG 533 Advanced Pharmacology
Exam 3 · Complete Q-Bank (144 Terms)
Question 1
What is the leading cause of Peripheral Vascular Disease, Coronary Artery Disease, and
Cerebrovascular Disease?
A. Atherosclerosis
CORRECT ANSWER: Atherosclerosis
RATIONALE:
Atherosclerosis is the leading cause of PVD, CAD, and cerebrovascular disease due to the accumulation
of lipid-laden macrophages and plaque formation in arterial walls.
Question 2
According to the universal definition, what is "at-risk for HF"?
A. Do not have HF, but at risk. No current or prior s/s. No structural, functional, or biomarker
evidence supporting HF.
CORRECT ANSWER:
Do not have HF, but at risk. No current or prior s/s. No structural, functional, or biomarker
evidence supporting HF.
RATIONALE:
At-risk for HF means the patient has risk factors but no current or prior symptoms, and no structural,
functional, or biomarker evidence of HF.
Question 3
What is the effect of leptin on appetite?
A. Inhibits appetite (not enough leptin = always hungry)
CORRECT ANSWER: Inhibits appetite (not enough leptin = always hungry)
RATIONALE:
Leptin inhibits appetite by signaling satiety; leptin resistance leads to inability to suppress appetite,
insulin resistance, and impaired gluconeogenesis regulation.
, Question 4
What are two classes of medications an individual with HFrEF will be started on?
A. Beta blocker (to counter SNS) and ACEi (to counter RAAS)
CORRECT ANSWER: Beta blocker (to counter SNS) and ACEi (to counter RAAS)
RATIONALE:
HFrEF patients are started on beta blockers to counter SNS activation and ACE inhibitors to counter RAAS
activation.
Question 5
What is an inotrope?
A. Hormones, neurotransmitters, or medications that affect contractility
CORRECT ANSWER: Hormones, neurotransmitters, or medications that affect contractility
RATIONALE:
Inotropes are agents that affect myocardial contractility. Positive inotropes increase contractility
(norepinephrine, epinephrine), while negative inotropes decrease contractility (acetylcholine).
Question 6
Which adipokine is anti-inflammatory and decreased in obesity?
A. Adiponectin
CORRECT ANSWER: Adiponectin
RATIONALE:
Adiponectin is an anti-inflammatory adipokine that is decreased in obesity. Leptin is a pro-inflammatory
adipokine that is increased in obesity.
Question 7
What is a complication of vesicoureteral reflux?
A. Recurrent UTIs with fever
CORRECT ANSWER: Recurrent UTIs with fever
RATIONALE:
Vesicoureteral reflux causes backward flow of urine from the bladder into the ureters, leading to
recurrent UTIs with fever.
, Question 8
What is the hallmark clinical manifestation of dementia?
A. Insidious onset (slow, gradual) and progressive decline of cognition, memory, and ability to care
for self
CORRECT ANSWER:
Insidious onset (slow, gradual) and progressive decline of cognition, memory, and ability to care
for self
RATIONALE:
Dementia is characterized by insidious onset and progressive decline in cognition, memory, and self-care
ability.
Question 9
What are the two biggest causes of HF?
A. Ischemic heart disease (CAD) and HTN
CORRECT ANSWER: Ischemic heart disease (CAD) and HTN
RATIONALE:
The two biggest causes of heart failure are ischemic heart disease (CAD) and hypertension.
Question 10
Define atherosclerosis.
A. Accumulation of lipid-laden macrophages within the arterial wall, leading to formation of
lesions/plaques
CORRECT ANSWER:
Accumulation of lipid-laden macrophages within the arterial wall, leading to formation of
lesions/plaques
RATIONALE:
Atherosclerosis is the accumulation of lipid-laden macrophages within arterial walls, forming lesions and
plaques that obstruct blood flow.
, Question 11
What is an obesogen?
A. A chemical that stimulates the development of fat and disrupts hormone signals
CORRECT ANSWER:
A chemical that stimulates the development of fat and disrupts hormone signals
RATIONALE:
Obesogens are chemicals that promote fat development and disrupt hormone signaling. They can cross
the placenta, be transmitted via breastfeeding, or come from pollutants.
Question 12
What are the s/s of infantile hypertrophic pyloric stenosis?
A. Fluid and electrolyte imbalances, olive-sized mass in RUQ, post-prandial non-bilious vomiting
followed by hunger/rooting
CORRECT ANSWER:
Fluid and electrolyte imbalances, olive-sized mass in RUQ, post-prandial non-bilious vomiting
followed by hunger/rooting
RATIONALE:
Infantile hypertrophic pyloric stenosis presents with FOP: Fluid/electrolyte imbalances, Olive-sized mass
in RUQ, and Post-prandial non-bilious vomiting followed by hunger/rooting.
Question 13
What is the function of oligodendrocytes?
A. Myelin sheath production
CORRECT ANSWER: Myelin sheath production
RATIONALE:
Oligodendrocytes are glial cells responsible for producing the myelin sheath around neurons in the
central nervous system.
Question 14
What are some drugs that alter neurotransmitters in delirium?
A. Anticholinergics, antihistamines, GABAergic sedatives
CORRECT ANSWER: Anticholinergics, antihistamines, GABAergic sedatives
RATIONALE:
Drugs that alter neurotransmitters in delirium include anticholinergics, antihistamines, and GABAergic
sedatives.
Graduate Nursing
NSG 533 Advanced Pharmacology
Exam 3 · Complete Q-Bank (144 Terms)
Question 1
What is the leading cause of Peripheral Vascular Disease, Coronary Artery Disease, and
Cerebrovascular Disease?
A. Atherosclerosis
CORRECT ANSWER: Atherosclerosis
RATIONALE:
Atherosclerosis is the leading cause of PVD, CAD, and cerebrovascular disease due to the accumulation
of lipid-laden macrophages and plaque formation in arterial walls.
Question 2
According to the universal definition, what is "at-risk for HF"?
A. Do not have HF, but at risk. No current or prior s/s. No structural, functional, or biomarker
evidence supporting HF.
CORRECT ANSWER:
Do not have HF, but at risk. No current or prior s/s. No structural, functional, or biomarker
evidence supporting HF.
RATIONALE:
At-risk for HF means the patient has risk factors but no current or prior symptoms, and no structural,
functional, or biomarker evidence of HF.
Question 3
What is the effect of leptin on appetite?
A. Inhibits appetite (not enough leptin = always hungry)
CORRECT ANSWER: Inhibits appetite (not enough leptin = always hungry)
RATIONALE:
Leptin inhibits appetite by signaling satiety; leptin resistance leads to inability to suppress appetite,
insulin resistance, and impaired gluconeogenesis regulation.
, Question 4
What are two classes of medications an individual with HFrEF will be started on?
A. Beta blocker (to counter SNS) and ACEi (to counter RAAS)
CORRECT ANSWER: Beta blocker (to counter SNS) and ACEi (to counter RAAS)
RATIONALE:
HFrEF patients are started on beta blockers to counter SNS activation and ACE inhibitors to counter RAAS
activation.
Question 5
What is an inotrope?
A. Hormones, neurotransmitters, or medications that affect contractility
CORRECT ANSWER: Hormones, neurotransmitters, or medications that affect contractility
RATIONALE:
Inotropes are agents that affect myocardial contractility. Positive inotropes increase contractility
(norepinephrine, epinephrine), while negative inotropes decrease contractility (acetylcholine).
Question 6
Which adipokine is anti-inflammatory and decreased in obesity?
A. Adiponectin
CORRECT ANSWER: Adiponectin
RATIONALE:
Adiponectin is an anti-inflammatory adipokine that is decreased in obesity. Leptin is a pro-inflammatory
adipokine that is increased in obesity.
Question 7
What is a complication of vesicoureteral reflux?
A. Recurrent UTIs with fever
CORRECT ANSWER: Recurrent UTIs with fever
RATIONALE:
Vesicoureteral reflux causes backward flow of urine from the bladder into the ureters, leading to
recurrent UTIs with fever.
, Question 8
What is the hallmark clinical manifestation of dementia?
A. Insidious onset (slow, gradual) and progressive decline of cognition, memory, and ability to care
for self
CORRECT ANSWER:
Insidious onset (slow, gradual) and progressive decline of cognition, memory, and ability to care
for self
RATIONALE:
Dementia is characterized by insidious onset and progressive decline in cognition, memory, and self-care
ability.
Question 9
What are the two biggest causes of HF?
A. Ischemic heart disease (CAD) and HTN
CORRECT ANSWER: Ischemic heart disease (CAD) and HTN
RATIONALE:
The two biggest causes of heart failure are ischemic heart disease (CAD) and hypertension.
Question 10
Define atherosclerosis.
A. Accumulation of lipid-laden macrophages within the arterial wall, leading to formation of
lesions/plaques
CORRECT ANSWER:
Accumulation of lipid-laden macrophages within the arterial wall, leading to formation of
lesions/plaques
RATIONALE:
Atherosclerosis is the accumulation of lipid-laden macrophages within arterial walls, forming lesions and
plaques that obstruct blood flow.
, Question 11
What is an obesogen?
A. A chemical that stimulates the development of fat and disrupts hormone signals
CORRECT ANSWER:
A chemical that stimulates the development of fat and disrupts hormone signals
RATIONALE:
Obesogens are chemicals that promote fat development and disrupt hormone signaling. They can cross
the placenta, be transmitted via breastfeeding, or come from pollutants.
Question 12
What are the s/s of infantile hypertrophic pyloric stenosis?
A. Fluid and electrolyte imbalances, olive-sized mass in RUQ, post-prandial non-bilious vomiting
followed by hunger/rooting
CORRECT ANSWER:
Fluid and electrolyte imbalances, olive-sized mass in RUQ, post-prandial non-bilious vomiting
followed by hunger/rooting
RATIONALE:
Infantile hypertrophic pyloric stenosis presents with FOP: Fluid/electrolyte imbalances, Olive-sized mass
in RUQ, and Post-prandial non-bilious vomiting followed by hunger/rooting.
Question 13
What is the function of oligodendrocytes?
A. Myelin sheath production
CORRECT ANSWER: Myelin sheath production
RATIONALE:
Oligodendrocytes are glial cells responsible for producing the myelin sheath around neurons in the
central nervous system.
Question 14
What are some drugs that alter neurotransmitters in delirium?
A. Anticholinergics, antihistamines, GABAergic sedatives
CORRECT ANSWER: Anticholinergics, antihistamines, GABAergic sedatives
RATIONALE:
Drugs that alter neurotransmitters in delirium include anticholinergics, antihistamines, and GABAergic
sedatives.
