Nursing Pathophysiology Final Exam Review 2026 | Most
Tested Questions & Verified Answers | Latest Update |
Graded A+
1. Describe the physiological changes that occur in the body during muscular
atrophy.
Muscular atrophy is characterized by enhanced muscle endurance and
flexibility.
Muscular atrophy results in the formation of new muscle tissue.
Muscular atrophy involves the loss of muscle fibers and a decrease
in the overall size of the muscle.
Muscular atrophy leads to an increase in muscle fibers and improved
muscle size.
2. A nurse is teaching the staff about body fluid movement. Which information
should the nurse include in the teaching session?
Aquaporins block water movement across the membrane
Sodium maintains the osmotic balance of the ICF space.
Potassium is the most abundant ECF ion.
Water moves between ICF and ECF compartments by osmotic
forces.
3. Pernicious anemia is also referred to as:
Vitamin B12 Anemia
Iron-Deficiency Anemia
Folic Acid Anemia
Megaloblastic Anemia
,4. Which patient is at greatest risk for metabolic acidosis?
severe vomiting
over the counter bicarbonate
ng suctioning
diabetic ketoacidosis
5. The body contains a significant amount of water- which of the following is a
correct statement regarding body water?
The majority of extracellular fluid is plasma.
The majority of total body water is intracellular.
Total body water includes any water found in the urinary system and
digestive tracts.
Total body water does not include the water in plasma.
6. Interpret the significance of having abnormal HCO3 and PaO2 levels while
maintaining a normal pH in a patient.
It indicates a failure in the respiratory system.
It shows that the patient is not receiving adequate ventilation.
It suggests that the body is compensating for the abnormalities in
HCO3 and PaO2 levels.
It means the patient is in a state of metabolic acidosis.
7. What is the term used to describe the time interval between atrial activation
and ventricular activation?
PR Interval
QT Interval
, ST Interval
QRS Complex
8. If a patient has a prolonged PR Interval, what might this indicate about their
cardiac conduction system?
An increase in the heart rate.
A delay in the conduction from the atria to the ventricles.
An increase in the duration of ventricular repolarization.
A blockage in the ventricular outflow tract.
9. Which waveform on an ECG represents the measure of time from the onset of
atrial activation to the onset of ventricular contraction and should be about
0.12-0.20 seconds in duration?
P wave
QRS complex
ST interval
PR interval
QT interval
T wave
10. A patient with both increased Thyroid Stimulating Hormone (TSH) and
decreased Thyroxine (T4) would MOST likely have:
Hepatitis
Pituitary disease
Tachycardia
, Thyroid disease
11. What is acidosis ?
a condition in which the body fluids have excess base ( alkali )
a condition in which there is too much acid in the body fluids
12. A patient presents with metabolic acidosis. What laboratory finding should
the nurse anticipate monitoring closely?
Decreased sodium levels
Elevated potassium levels
Increased calcium levels
Decreased bicarbonate levels
13. Which vein is responsible for draining blood from the coronary circulation
into the right atrium?
Middle cardiac vein
Small cardiac vein
Great cardiac vein
Coronary sinus
14. Describe how uncontrolled diabetes can lead to metabolic acidosis in
patients.
Uncontrolled diabetes has no effect on acid-base balance in the
body.
Uncontrolled diabetes leads to excessive insulin production, which
prevents acidosis.
Tested Questions & Verified Answers | Latest Update |
Graded A+
1. Describe the physiological changes that occur in the body during muscular
atrophy.
Muscular atrophy is characterized by enhanced muscle endurance and
flexibility.
Muscular atrophy results in the formation of new muscle tissue.
Muscular atrophy involves the loss of muscle fibers and a decrease
in the overall size of the muscle.
Muscular atrophy leads to an increase in muscle fibers and improved
muscle size.
2. A nurse is teaching the staff about body fluid movement. Which information
should the nurse include in the teaching session?
Aquaporins block water movement across the membrane
Sodium maintains the osmotic balance of the ICF space.
Potassium is the most abundant ECF ion.
Water moves between ICF and ECF compartments by osmotic
forces.
3. Pernicious anemia is also referred to as:
Vitamin B12 Anemia
Iron-Deficiency Anemia
Folic Acid Anemia
Megaloblastic Anemia
,4. Which patient is at greatest risk for metabolic acidosis?
severe vomiting
over the counter bicarbonate
ng suctioning
diabetic ketoacidosis
5. The body contains a significant amount of water- which of the following is a
correct statement regarding body water?
The majority of extracellular fluid is plasma.
The majority of total body water is intracellular.
Total body water includes any water found in the urinary system and
digestive tracts.
Total body water does not include the water in plasma.
6. Interpret the significance of having abnormal HCO3 and PaO2 levels while
maintaining a normal pH in a patient.
It indicates a failure in the respiratory system.
It shows that the patient is not receiving adequate ventilation.
It suggests that the body is compensating for the abnormalities in
HCO3 and PaO2 levels.
It means the patient is in a state of metabolic acidosis.
7. What is the term used to describe the time interval between atrial activation
and ventricular activation?
PR Interval
QT Interval
, ST Interval
QRS Complex
8. If a patient has a prolonged PR Interval, what might this indicate about their
cardiac conduction system?
An increase in the heart rate.
A delay in the conduction from the atria to the ventricles.
An increase in the duration of ventricular repolarization.
A blockage in the ventricular outflow tract.
9. Which waveform on an ECG represents the measure of time from the onset of
atrial activation to the onset of ventricular contraction and should be about
0.12-0.20 seconds in duration?
P wave
QRS complex
ST interval
PR interval
QT interval
T wave
10. A patient with both increased Thyroid Stimulating Hormone (TSH) and
decreased Thyroxine (T4) would MOST likely have:
Hepatitis
Pituitary disease
Tachycardia
, Thyroid disease
11. What is acidosis ?
a condition in which the body fluids have excess base ( alkali )
a condition in which there is too much acid in the body fluids
12. A patient presents with metabolic acidosis. What laboratory finding should
the nurse anticipate monitoring closely?
Decreased sodium levels
Elevated potassium levels
Increased calcium levels
Decreased bicarbonate levels
13. Which vein is responsible for draining blood from the coronary circulation
into the right atrium?
Middle cardiac vein
Small cardiac vein
Great cardiac vein
Coronary sinus
14. Describe how uncontrolled diabetes can lead to metabolic acidosis in
patients.
Uncontrolled diabetes has no effect on acid-base balance in the
body.
Uncontrolled diabetes leads to excessive insulin production, which
prevents acidosis.
