Comprehensive Anatomy and Physiology of the Digestive System
Study online at https://quizlet.com/_jnyaxn
1. What is the alimentary canal? The digestive tract (GI tract), a 30-foot long tube extending
from mouth to anus.
2. What are the two main process- Peristalsis and segmentation.
es of motility in the digestive
system?
3. What is the role of secretion in The release of water, acids, enzymes, buffers, and salts by
digestion? the epithelium of the digestive tract and glandular organs.
4. What is the difference between Mechanical digestion physically breaks large chunks into
mechanical and chemical diges- smaller pieces, while chemical digestion breaks molecules
tion? apart.
5. What is mastication? The process of chewing that breaks food into smaller pieces
and mixes it with digestive enzymes.
6. What are the functions of saliva? Moisten food, begin starch and fat digestion, cleanse teeth,
inhibit bacteria, and bind food into a bolus.
7. What is the pH range of saliva? 6.8 to 7.0.
8. What is the role of the epiglottis? To prevent food from entering the trachea during swallow-
ing.
9. What is the function of the lower To prevent the backflow of stomach contents into the esoph-
esophageal sphincter? agus.
10. What are the three muscle lay- Inner circular, outer longitudinal, and striated (voluntary) in
ers in the esophagus? the upper third.
11. What is the length of the esoph- 25-30 cm long.
agus?
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, Comprehensive Anatomy and Physiology of the Digestive System
Study online at https://quizlet.com/_jnyaxn
12. What is gastroesophageal reflux A condition where stomach contents flow back into the
disease (GERD)? esophagus, often mistaken for a heart attack.
13. What is the typical volume of the 1 to 1.5 liters.
stomach?
14. What are the regions of the Cardiac region, fundus, body, and pyloric region.
stomach?
15. What is chyme? A sludge of enzymes and acids resulting from the mechanical
and chemical digestion in the stomach.
16. What bacteria is believed to Helicobacter pylori.
cause ulcers?
17. What is the role of mucogenic To secrete mucus composed of water, electrolytes, and gly-
cells in the gastric glands? coproteins.
18. What is the function of the py- To regulate the opening from the stomach to the duodenum.
loric sphincter?
19. What is the significance of the It controls motility and secretion in the digestive tract in
enteric nervous system? response to stimuli.
20. What is the afterdischarge phe- A phenomenon where receptors signal the brain that food
nomenon? is still present in the esophagus.
21. What is the role of the masseter To elevate the teeth and crush food during mastication.
and temporalis muscles?
22. What is the function of amylase To begin the digestion of starch.
in saliva?
23. What is the role of lingual lipase? To digest fat after it reaches the stomach.
2/8
Study online at https://quizlet.com/_jnyaxn
1. What is the alimentary canal? The digestive tract (GI tract), a 30-foot long tube extending
from mouth to anus.
2. What are the two main process- Peristalsis and segmentation.
es of motility in the digestive
system?
3. What is the role of secretion in The release of water, acids, enzymes, buffers, and salts by
digestion? the epithelium of the digestive tract and glandular organs.
4. What is the difference between Mechanical digestion physically breaks large chunks into
mechanical and chemical diges- smaller pieces, while chemical digestion breaks molecules
tion? apart.
5. What is mastication? The process of chewing that breaks food into smaller pieces
and mixes it with digestive enzymes.
6. What are the functions of saliva? Moisten food, begin starch and fat digestion, cleanse teeth,
inhibit bacteria, and bind food into a bolus.
7. What is the pH range of saliva? 6.8 to 7.0.
8. What is the role of the epiglottis? To prevent food from entering the trachea during swallow-
ing.
9. What is the function of the lower To prevent the backflow of stomach contents into the esoph-
esophageal sphincter? agus.
10. What are the three muscle lay- Inner circular, outer longitudinal, and striated (voluntary) in
ers in the esophagus? the upper third.
11. What is the length of the esoph- 25-30 cm long.
agus?
1/8
, Comprehensive Anatomy and Physiology of the Digestive System
Study online at https://quizlet.com/_jnyaxn
12. What is gastroesophageal reflux A condition where stomach contents flow back into the
disease (GERD)? esophagus, often mistaken for a heart attack.
13. What is the typical volume of the 1 to 1.5 liters.
stomach?
14. What are the regions of the Cardiac region, fundus, body, and pyloric region.
stomach?
15. What is chyme? A sludge of enzymes and acids resulting from the mechanical
and chemical digestion in the stomach.
16. What bacteria is believed to Helicobacter pylori.
cause ulcers?
17. What is the role of mucogenic To secrete mucus composed of water, electrolytes, and gly-
cells in the gastric glands? coproteins.
18. What is the function of the py- To regulate the opening from the stomach to the duodenum.
loric sphincter?
19. What is the significance of the It controls motility and secretion in the digestive tract in
enteric nervous system? response to stimuli.
20. What is the afterdischarge phe- A phenomenon where receptors signal the brain that food
nomenon? is still present in the esophagus.
21. What is the role of the masseter To elevate the teeth and crush food during mastication.
and temporalis muscles?
22. What is the function of amylase To begin the digestion of starch.
in saliva?
23. What is the role of lingual lipase? To digest fat after it reaches the stomach.
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