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Samenvatting volledige vak immunologie

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Samenvatting volledige vak immunologie AJ

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Immunologie
Inhoud
02 Cellen, organen en cytokines............................................................................ 2
03 Het aangeboren (innate) immuunsysteem........................................................6
04 Het complementsysteem................................................................................. 12
05 De B-cel........................................................................................................... 15
06 T-cel en MHC.................................................................................................... 21
07 T- en B-cel activatie......................................................................................... 28
T-cel activatie.................................................................................................... 28
B-cel activatie.................................................................................................... 33
08 De adaptieve immuunrespons in tijd en ruimte...............................................35
09 Effector functies.............................................................................................. 40
10 Barrière immuniteit, infectieziekten en vaccinatie..........................................45
11 Tolerantie, auto-immuniteit en transplantatie.................................................53
12 Immuundeficiënties......................................................................................... 59
13 Immuunsysteem en kanker............................................................................. 65
14 Allergie en hypersensitiviteit...........................................................................71
15 Allergologie...................................................................................................... 74




1

,02 Cellen, organen en cytokines
Leukocyten (witte bloedcellen, WBC)

Granulocyten (aangeboren (innate) immuunsysteem)
Neutrofiel - Myeloïde progenitor
en - In bloed: 50-70%
- Morfologie
o 12-15µm
o 2-5 lobben kern
o Fijne granules (proteases, antimicrobiële proteïnen,
protease inhibitoren, histamine)
- Bij ontsteking (linksverschuiving)
Eosinofiel - Myeloïde progenitor
en - In bloed: 1-3%
- Morfologie
o 12-17µm
o 2 lobben kern
o 2 granules (eosinofiel &
azurofiel)
- Bij parasitaire wormen, allergie en astma
Basofielen - Myeloïde progenitor
- In bloed: <1%
- Morfologie
o 7-11µm
o 2 lobben kern
o 2 granules (specifiek & azurofiel)
- Bij parasitaire wormen, allergie en infectie
Monocyten  macrofagen (aangeboren (innate) immuunsysteem)
Monocyte - Myeloïde progenitor
n - In bloed: 2-12%
- Morfologie
o 12-20µm
o Onregelmatig met
ingedeukte kern
o Vesikels
- APC (= antigeen presenterende cel)
Macrofage - Myeloïde progenitor
n - In weefsel (niet in bloed
meetbaar)
- Morfologie
o ±20µm
o Grote kern
o Pseudopodia
- APC
- Oorsprong
o Uit inflammatoire monocyten
o Weefsel-resident (reeds embryonaal aanwezig)
- Verspreid in het lichaam onder verschillende namen
- Bij infectie



2

, Dendritische cellen
- Myeloïde of lymfoïde progenitor
- In weefsel (niet in bloed meetbaar)
- Morfologie
o 10-15µm
o Kleine kern
o Pseudopodia
- APC
- Aangeboren (innate) immuunsysteem
- Verworven (adaptief) immuunsysteem
Lymfocyten
- In bloed: 20-40%
- Morfologie: 6-15µm
T-cellen - Lymfoïde progenitor
- Onderscheid via flowcytometrie (T = CD3
marker)
- Verworven (adaptief) immuunsysteem
B-cellen - Lymfoïde progenitor
- Onderscheid via flowcytometrie (B = CD19
marker)
- Verworven (adaptief) immuunsysteem
Innate lymphoid - Lymfoïde progenitor
cells (ILC; natural killer - Aangeboren (innate) immuunsysteem
cells, NKC)



Mestcellen (mast cells)
- Myeloïde progenitor
- In weefsel (huid, slijmvlies en
bindweefsel; niet in bloed meetbaar)
- Morfologie
o 20-30µm
o Ronde kern
o Basofiele granulen
- Bij inflammatie, parasieten en allergie
- Aangeboren (innate) immuunsysteem
! erytrocyten (rode bloedcellen; RBC): 7-8 µm
! trombocyten (bloedplaatjes; BP): 2-3µm

Ordening obv grootte
B RBC Baso Lymfo Neutro Dendr Eosino Monoc & Mestc
P (8) (11) (15) (15) it (15) (17) macrof (20) (30)
(3
)


Primair lymfoïd weefsel

Beenmer - Ontstaan van immature B- en T-cellen
g - Rijpen tot immature naïeve B-cellen
Thymus - Rijpen tot mature naïeve T-cellen (cortico-medullaire junctie,
CMJ)



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