2026 Exam Questions and
Answers | Already Graded A+
RBC - ANSWER ✔✔females 4.2-5.4 million
males 4.7-6.1 million
decrease RBC - ANSWER ✔✔anemia
WBC - ANSWER ✔✔5,000-10,000
elevated WBC - ANSWER ✔✔infection
,decreased WBC - ANSWER ✔✔immunosuppression
Iron - ANSWER ✔✔females 60-160 mcg
males 80-180
elevated iron - ANSWER ✔✔hemochromatosis, iron excess
liver disorder, magaloblastic anemia
decreased iron - ANSWER ✔✔anemia or hemorrhage
platelets - ANSWER ✔✔150,000-4000,000
increased platelets - ANSWER ✔✔malignancy or polycythemia vera
decreased platelets - ANSWER ✔✔autoimmune disease
bone marrow suppression or enlarged spleen
Hbg - ANSWER ✔✔females 12-16
males 14-18
decrease Hgb and Hct - ANSWER ✔✔anemia
Hct - ANSWER ✔✔females 37%-47%
males 42-52%
anemia in children
,S & SX: - ANSWER ✔✔pallor, brittle spoon shaped nails
irritability, muscle weakness
systolic heart murmur, enlarged heart, HF
iron supplements - ANSWER ✔✔give 1 hr before or 2 hr after antacid
to prevent malabsorpt
N/D and constipation common at start of therapy
use straw for liquid iron to prevent staining of teeth
aPTT - ANSWER ✔✔1.5-2X control range of 30-40 seconds
test clotting factors and monitor heparin therapy
increased aPTT - ANSWER ✔✔hemophilia
disseminated intravascular coagulation DIC
liver disease
PT - ANSWER ✔✔11-12.5 seconds, 85-100%
increased PT time - ANSWER ✔✔evidence of deficiency or clotting
decreaed PT time - ANSWER ✔✔evidence of vit K excess= bleed out
acute hemolytic blood transfusion reactions - ANSWER ✔✔**low
back pain, TACHYcardia, HYPOtension
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, febrile reactions - ANSWER ✔✔30 min-6 hr after transfusion
-chills, fever, flushing, headache
use WBC filter, administer antipyretics
mild allergic reactions - ANSWER ✔✔during or up to 24hr after
transfusion
- itching, urticarial, flushing
administer benadryl
anaphylactic shock - ANSWER ✔✔wheezing, dyspnea, cyanosis,
hypotension
maintain airway, admin O2, IV fluids, antihistamines, corticosteroids and
vasopressor
fluid overload - ANSWER ✔✔HYPERtension,
jugular vein distention, peripheral edema
orthopnea, crackles at base of lungs
sudden anxiety
sepsis and septic shock - ANSWER ✔✔-fever, N/V, abdominal pain,
chills HYPOtension
administer antibiotics, blood cultures, vasopressor (dopamine)