(2025/2026)AORN PERIOP 101 FINAL EXAM QUESTIONS AND
CORRECT DETAILED ANSWERS - VERIFIED ANSWERS| ALREADY
GRADED A+ NEW, GUARANTEED PASS.
Circulator RN duties during Induction of anesthesia and assisting anesthesia professional with
Cricoid Pressure
Cricoid pressure application is not released until the
1. Endotracheal (ET) tube cuff is inflated
2. Tube placement is confirmed
3. The anesthesia provider has given verbal confirmation to
the nurse that the cricoid pressure can be released.
If intubation or ventilation of the patient becomes difficult, the perioperative nurse should
retrieve additional airway equipment and supplies.
The professional nurse utilizes the following elements of the nursing process:
Assessment
Nursing Diagnosis
Outcome Identification
Planning
Implementation
Evaluation
Members of the perioperative team include the:
• RN circulator • Scrub RN or Surgical technologist • Registered nurse first assistant • Advanced practice
registered nurse • Surgeon
State Boards of Nursing
• Establish standards • Issue licenses • Monitor licensees • Discipline licensees
Indemnity Payment
Payment made on behalf of the policy holder
Liability
A legal responsibility
Negligence
An act or failure to act that deviates from the standard of care
Nursing Malpractice
A nurse's negligence or any intentional act that causes physical, financial, emotional, psychosocial, and/or
cognitive damage to the person in the nurse's care
1
,Respondeat Superior
An employer is legally responsible for the nurse employee only when:
The nurse acts within the scope of practice
Any allegations brought against the nurse occurred during the nurse's employment
The nurse's actions were within the employer's best interests.
Standard of Care
Action of a reasonable and prudent professional in the same or similar circumstances
Tort
A breach of duty to another person as outlined by law (Breach of duty: act of breaking or failing)
Four elements of malpractice
1. Duty
2. Breach of duty
3. The breach of duty caused an injury
4. The injury was harmful to the patient
Elements of Informed Consent
• Must be obtained by the licensed professional who is performing the procedure • The patient must give
consent voluntarily with the full understanding of all implications • Must include - Diagnosis -Proposed
treatment - Treatment alternatives -Consequences of accepting or declining the proposed treatment
Five Rights of Delegation
1. Right task
2. Right circumstance
3. Right person
4. Right communication and direction
5. Right supervision and evaluation
Healthcare providers and personnel have an ethical and legal responsibility to always maintain the
patient's privacy and confidentiality (4):
• Medical information • Physical exposure • Personal privacy • Electronic privacy
Financial terms
2
,Revenue • Cash inflow, typically from providing patient services Expenses • Costs related to cash inflow
such as patient care equipment and personnel salaries Direct Expenses • Costs related to the service
provided such as the supplies needed to deliver care and salaries of those providing direct patient care
Indirect Expenses • Costs not related directly to patient care such as heating/cooling the building and
salaries of those not providing direct patient care Non-Productive Time • Employee payment when not in
direct patient care such as vacation time and orientation Assets • What is owned by the organization
Budget • Business elements that are quantified in financial terms
Eight factors to consider before determining what anesthetic to use for a particular patient
1. Patient's age 2. Length & type of surgery 3. Patient & surgeon preferences 4. Patient's co-existing
diseases 5. Patient's mental & psychological status 6. Patient's previous experiences with anesthesia 7.
Plans & protocols for postoperative pain management 8. Position of the patient during surgery
The American Society of Anesthesiologist's NPO Guidelines
• Clear liquids - stop 2 hours before surgery • Breast milk - stop 4 hours before surgery • Infant formula -
stop 6 hours before surgery • Light meal (toast & a clear liquid) - stop 6 hours before surgery • Fried
foods, fatty foods, meat - stop 8 hours before surgery
General anesthesia
• A drug-induced reversible state of unconsciousness • Results in amnesia, analgesia, and loss of
responsiveness, decreased stress response, and loss of skeletal muscle reflexes to a varying degree
General: Patients that are completely asleep and have an endotracheal tube down the throat-a patient loses
their protective airway reflexes.
Regional anesthesia
• An injection of local anesthetics near nerve fibers that causes reversible loss of sensation over an area of
the body
Examples: Spinal, Epidural, and Peripheral nerve blocks.
Monitored anesthesia care (MAC)
An anesthesia provider monitors the patient, administers sedatives and other agents as needed, and
provides medical services as required.
MAC anesthesia (Monitored Anesthesia Care) refers to patients that are not completely asleep (various
levels of sedation) and were not intubated.
Medications used during MAC include: Midazolam (Versed) Fentanyl Propofol (Diprivan)
Moderate sedation
3
, • The administration of sedative, analgesic, and/or anxiolytic agents by a physician or by a nurse under
physician supervision • Depending on state laws and hospital policies, an RN may administer moderate
sedation.
Local anesthesia
• The infiltration or topical administration of agents to anesthetize a part of the body • The perioperative
nurse provides patient monitoring and supportive care.
Phases of general anesthesia
• Phase I: Induction o IV medications and inhalational agents are administered by the anesthesia provider.
• Phase II: Maintenance Medications and inhalational agents are administered to keep the patient
anesthetized. • Phase III: Emergence -At the end of the procedure, the anesthetic agents are discontinued
or reversed to allow the patient to wake up.
Emergence from Anesthesia
End of Procedure -Inhalation & IV anesthetics are stopped ET/Laryngeal mask airway removal -Removed
when. pt is conscious and can make their airway Reversal agents
Anesthesia Reversal agents Muscle relaxants:
1. Neostigmine
2. Edrophonium
Note: There is no reversal agent for succinylcholine
Anesthesia Reversal agents: Rocuronium, vecuronium, and pancuronium (Muscle relaxants)
Sugammadex (Bridion)
Anesthesia Reversal agents: Benzodiazepines: Midazolam
Flumazenil
Anesthesia Reversal agents: Narcotics: Fentanyl:
Naloxone
Patients at Increased Risk for Hypothermia (4) Hint: What population?
• Older adults
• Infants and children
• Women • Patients with lower-than-normal body weight
Medical Conditions Associated with Increased Risk for Hypothermia (7) Body Temp lower than 95
Hint: Disease/medically related
4
CORRECT DETAILED ANSWERS - VERIFIED ANSWERS| ALREADY
GRADED A+ NEW, GUARANTEED PASS.
Circulator RN duties during Induction of anesthesia and assisting anesthesia professional with
Cricoid Pressure
Cricoid pressure application is not released until the
1. Endotracheal (ET) tube cuff is inflated
2. Tube placement is confirmed
3. The anesthesia provider has given verbal confirmation to
the nurse that the cricoid pressure can be released.
If intubation or ventilation of the patient becomes difficult, the perioperative nurse should
retrieve additional airway equipment and supplies.
The professional nurse utilizes the following elements of the nursing process:
Assessment
Nursing Diagnosis
Outcome Identification
Planning
Implementation
Evaluation
Members of the perioperative team include the:
• RN circulator • Scrub RN or Surgical technologist • Registered nurse first assistant • Advanced practice
registered nurse • Surgeon
State Boards of Nursing
• Establish standards • Issue licenses • Monitor licensees • Discipline licensees
Indemnity Payment
Payment made on behalf of the policy holder
Liability
A legal responsibility
Negligence
An act or failure to act that deviates from the standard of care
Nursing Malpractice
A nurse's negligence or any intentional act that causes physical, financial, emotional, psychosocial, and/or
cognitive damage to the person in the nurse's care
1
,Respondeat Superior
An employer is legally responsible for the nurse employee only when:
The nurse acts within the scope of practice
Any allegations brought against the nurse occurred during the nurse's employment
The nurse's actions were within the employer's best interests.
Standard of Care
Action of a reasonable and prudent professional in the same or similar circumstances
Tort
A breach of duty to another person as outlined by law (Breach of duty: act of breaking or failing)
Four elements of malpractice
1. Duty
2. Breach of duty
3. The breach of duty caused an injury
4. The injury was harmful to the patient
Elements of Informed Consent
• Must be obtained by the licensed professional who is performing the procedure • The patient must give
consent voluntarily with the full understanding of all implications • Must include - Diagnosis -Proposed
treatment - Treatment alternatives -Consequences of accepting or declining the proposed treatment
Five Rights of Delegation
1. Right task
2. Right circumstance
3. Right person
4. Right communication and direction
5. Right supervision and evaluation
Healthcare providers and personnel have an ethical and legal responsibility to always maintain the
patient's privacy and confidentiality (4):
• Medical information • Physical exposure • Personal privacy • Electronic privacy
Financial terms
2
,Revenue • Cash inflow, typically from providing patient services Expenses • Costs related to cash inflow
such as patient care equipment and personnel salaries Direct Expenses • Costs related to the service
provided such as the supplies needed to deliver care and salaries of those providing direct patient care
Indirect Expenses • Costs not related directly to patient care such as heating/cooling the building and
salaries of those not providing direct patient care Non-Productive Time • Employee payment when not in
direct patient care such as vacation time and orientation Assets • What is owned by the organization
Budget • Business elements that are quantified in financial terms
Eight factors to consider before determining what anesthetic to use for a particular patient
1. Patient's age 2. Length & type of surgery 3. Patient & surgeon preferences 4. Patient's co-existing
diseases 5. Patient's mental & psychological status 6. Patient's previous experiences with anesthesia 7.
Plans & protocols for postoperative pain management 8. Position of the patient during surgery
The American Society of Anesthesiologist's NPO Guidelines
• Clear liquids - stop 2 hours before surgery • Breast milk - stop 4 hours before surgery • Infant formula -
stop 6 hours before surgery • Light meal (toast & a clear liquid) - stop 6 hours before surgery • Fried
foods, fatty foods, meat - stop 8 hours before surgery
General anesthesia
• A drug-induced reversible state of unconsciousness • Results in amnesia, analgesia, and loss of
responsiveness, decreased stress response, and loss of skeletal muscle reflexes to a varying degree
General: Patients that are completely asleep and have an endotracheal tube down the throat-a patient loses
their protective airway reflexes.
Regional anesthesia
• An injection of local anesthetics near nerve fibers that causes reversible loss of sensation over an area of
the body
Examples: Spinal, Epidural, and Peripheral nerve blocks.
Monitored anesthesia care (MAC)
An anesthesia provider monitors the patient, administers sedatives and other agents as needed, and
provides medical services as required.
MAC anesthesia (Monitored Anesthesia Care) refers to patients that are not completely asleep (various
levels of sedation) and were not intubated.
Medications used during MAC include: Midazolam (Versed) Fentanyl Propofol (Diprivan)
Moderate sedation
3
, • The administration of sedative, analgesic, and/or anxiolytic agents by a physician or by a nurse under
physician supervision • Depending on state laws and hospital policies, an RN may administer moderate
sedation.
Local anesthesia
• The infiltration or topical administration of agents to anesthetize a part of the body • The perioperative
nurse provides patient monitoring and supportive care.
Phases of general anesthesia
• Phase I: Induction o IV medications and inhalational agents are administered by the anesthesia provider.
• Phase II: Maintenance Medications and inhalational agents are administered to keep the patient
anesthetized. • Phase III: Emergence -At the end of the procedure, the anesthetic agents are discontinued
or reversed to allow the patient to wake up.
Emergence from Anesthesia
End of Procedure -Inhalation & IV anesthetics are stopped ET/Laryngeal mask airway removal -Removed
when. pt is conscious and can make their airway Reversal agents
Anesthesia Reversal agents Muscle relaxants:
1. Neostigmine
2. Edrophonium
Note: There is no reversal agent for succinylcholine
Anesthesia Reversal agents: Rocuronium, vecuronium, and pancuronium (Muscle relaxants)
Sugammadex (Bridion)
Anesthesia Reversal agents: Benzodiazepines: Midazolam
Flumazenil
Anesthesia Reversal agents: Narcotics: Fentanyl:
Naloxone
Patients at Increased Risk for Hypothermia (4) Hint: What population?
• Older adults
• Infants and children
• Women • Patients with lower-than-normal body weight
Medical Conditions Associated with Increased Risk for Hypothermia (7) Body Temp lower than 95
Hint: Disease/medically related
4
