Orientation correct answers the process of using the sense to establish one's position and
relationship to other significant objects in the environment
Mobility correct answers the capacity or facility for safe, effective, and efficient movement
through one's environment
O&M Professional correct answers -O&M instructor, O&M specialist, or COMS
O&M Professional Studies correct answers -grad school program
-vision
-the eye
-low vision
-psych of vision loss
-environmental access
-precane & cane methodologies
COMS are certified by: correct answers Academy for Certification of Vision Rehabilitation and
Education Professionals
(ACVREP)
Who provides the credential? correct answers National Blindness Professional Certification
Board
-NOMC
COMS usually works: correct answers one on one with student following a customized plan of
instruction, with independence and safety as goals
, Why is O&M important? correct answers -basic independence involves self-determined human
locomotion
-comfort and effectiveness of movement aids ADLs for individuals who are visually impaired
and deaf-blind
-restricted movement has negative physical and psychosocial impact
When should O&M begin? correct answers AS EARLY AS POSSIBLE
-to effect long term outcomes
-learning capacity is at its greatest at ages 0-6
-research shows birth to age 3 intervention improves learning for ages 3-5
T/F: Many young children continue to be denied O&M instruction despite educational
regulations and laws. correct answers True
Persons with blindness or visual impairments should be referred for O&M services when he/she:
correct answers -has experienced a significant change in vision
-needs to beome familiar with a new environment or route
-when vision loss infringes on movement typical for the consumer
-when seeking evaluation to learn a special mobility device, such as a dog guide or GPS
Conceptual prerequisites O&M foundations are built upon: correct answers -spatial relationships:
self and objects
-having names for body parts
-understanding and using left and right and cardinal (compass) directions
T/F: O&M is an interdisciplinary approach that has the potential to be over-emphasized. correct
answers False