NR 222 MEDICAL NURSING TEST EXAM 1
COMPLETE 2026 2027 STUDY QUESTIONS
WITH VERIFIED SOLUTIONS GUARAN
SECTION 1: FOUNDATIONS OF NURSING & PROFESSIONAL ROLES (Questions 1–20)
1. Which statement is an accurate description of nursing?
A) "Nursing is a profession dependent upon the physician."
B) "Nursing includes the diagnosis and treatment of human responses to health and illness."
C) "It is the role of the physician, not the nurse, to help patients understand their health."
D) "Nursing includes the diagnosis and cure of human diseases."
Correct Answer: B – "Nursing includes the diagnosis and treatment of human responses to health and
illness."
Rationale: This definition comes from the American Nurses Association (ANA). Nursing focuses on human
responses to actual or potential health problems, not just disease diagnosis or cure. Nursing is an
independent profession, not dependent on physicians .
2. A nurse is caring for a patient with end-stage lung disease. The patient wants to go home on oxygen
and be comfortable. The family wants the patient to have a new surgical procedure. The nurse
explains the risks and benefits of the operation to the family and discusses the patient's wishes with
them. The nurse is acting as the patient's:
A) Educator
B) Advocate
C) Caregiver
D) Communicator
Correct Answer: B – Advocate
Rationale: An advocate protects the patient's human and legal rights and provides assistance in
asserting those rights. Here, the nurse supports the patient's wishes and helps the family understand
both sides of the decision .
3. Which of the following nursing situations best reflects accountability?
A) The nurse assesses the patient for the possible cause of his pain.
B) The nurse takes the oncology nursing certification examination.
C) The nurse files an incident report regarding a medication error.
D) An education seminar on "Eating for a Healthy Heart."
,Correct Answer: C – The nurse files an incident report regarding a medication error.
Rationale: Accountability means being professionally and legally responsible for the type and quality of
nursing care provided. Filing an incident report demonstrates responsibility for one's actions. Autonomy
is reflected in independent nursing interventions .
4. Contemporary nursing requires that the nurse have knowledge and skills for a variety of
professional roles and responsibilities. Which of the following are examples of these roles? (Select all
that apply.)
A) Caregiver
B) Autonomy
C) Patient advocate
D) Health promotion
E) Genetic counselor
Correct Answer: A, B, C, D – Caregiver, Autonomy, Patient advocate, Health promotion
Rationale: Professional nursing roles include caregiver, autonomy (independent nursing interventions),
patient advocate, educator, communicator, and manager. Genetic counselor is a specialized role, not a
standard professional nursing role .
5. The nurse spends time with a patient and family reviewing a dressing change procedure for the
patient's wound. The patient's spouse demonstrates how to change the dressing. The nurse is acting
in which professional role?
A) Caregiver
B) Educator
C) Advocate
D) Manager
Correct Answer: B – Educator
Rationale: The educator role includes explaining concepts, demonstrating procedures, and evaluating
learning. Here, the nurse teaches the dressing change and evaluates the spouse's demonstration .
6. In nursing, autonomy involves:
A) Responsibility for the type and quality of nursing care provided
B) The initiation of independent nursing interventions without medical orders
C) Protecting the patient's human and legal rights
D) Coordinating activities of nursing staff
Correct Answer: B – The initiation of independent nursing interventions without medical orders
Rationale: Autonomy means the nurse independently initiates interventions (e.g., advising a patient to
cough and deep breathe) without a provider's order. Accountability is responsibility for care provided .
, 7. The nurse is responsible both professionally and legally for the care provided. Which concept does
this describe?
A) Autonomy
B) Accountability
C) Patient advocacy
D) Patient education
Correct Answer: B – Accountability
Rationale: Accountability means being answerable for one's actions and ensuring competent, current
nursing practice. It requires remaining current in scientific knowledge and technical skills .
8. Which of the following is an example of the nurse acting as a manager?
A) Teaching a patient how to administer insulin
B) Protecting a patient's right to refuse treatment
C) Directing nursing staff and establishing an environment for collaborative, patient-centered care
D) Initiating independent nursing interventions without an order
Correct Answer: C – Directing nursing staff and establishing an environment for collaborative, patient-
centered care
Rationale: Nurse managers coordinate nursing staff activities, have personnel/policy/budgetary
responsibility, and create environments reflecting organizational mission. Teaching is educator role;
protecting rights is advocacy; independent interventions are autonomy .
9. Quality communication is essential for all nursing roles. The nurse acting as communicator should:
A) Make all decisions for the patient
B) Avoid discussing patient preferences
C) Know the patient's preferences, strengths, weaknesses, and needs
D) Communicate only with physicians, not patients
Correct Answer: C – Know the patient's preferences, strengths, weaknesses, and needs
Rationale: Effective communication allows the nurse to know the patient holistically, including
preferences and needs, and is fundamental to providing high-quality, coordinated care .
10. Which nursing intervention best reflects the caregiver role?
A) Filing an incident report after a medication error
B) Explaining the risks and benefits of a surgical procedure
C) Helping a patient maintain and regain health and manage disease symptoms
D) Coordinating nursing staff assignments for the shift
Correct Answer: C – Helping a patient maintain and regain health and manage disease symptoms
Rationale: The caregiver role involves helping patients maintain/regain health, manage disease and
symptoms, and attain maximal function and independence through the healing process .
COMPLETE 2026 2027 STUDY QUESTIONS
WITH VERIFIED SOLUTIONS GUARAN
SECTION 1: FOUNDATIONS OF NURSING & PROFESSIONAL ROLES (Questions 1–20)
1. Which statement is an accurate description of nursing?
A) "Nursing is a profession dependent upon the physician."
B) "Nursing includes the diagnosis and treatment of human responses to health and illness."
C) "It is the role of the physician, not the nurse, to help patients understand their health."
D) "Nursing includes the diagnosis and cure of human diseases."
Correct Answer: B – "Nursing includes the diagnosis and treatment of human responses to health and
illness."
Rationale: This definition comes from the American Nurses Association (ANA). Nursing focuses on human
responses to actual or potential health problems, not just disease diagnosis or cure. Nursing is an
independent profession, not dependent on physicians .
2. A nurse is caring for a patient with end-stage lung disease. The patient wants to go home on oxygen
and be comfortable. The family wants the patient to have a new surgical procedure. The nurse
explains the risks and benefits of the operation to the family and discusses the patient's wishes with
them. The nurse is acting as the patient's:
A) Educator
B) Advocate
C) Caregiver
D) Communicator
Correct Answer: B – Advocate
Rationale: An advocate protects the patient's human and legal rights and provides assistance in
asserting those rights. Here, the nurse supports the patient's wishes and helps the family understand
both sides of the decision .
3. Which of the following nursing situations best reflects accountability?
A) The nurse assesses the patient for the possible cause of his pain.
B) The nurse takes the oncology nursing certification examination.
C) The nurse files an incident report regarding a medication error.
D) An education seminar on "Eating for a Healthy Heart."
,Correct Answer: C – The nurse files an incident report regarding a medication error.
Rationale: Accountability means being professionally and legally responsible for the type and quality of
nursing care provided. Filing an incident report demonstrates responsibility for one's actions. Autonomy
is reflected in independent nursing interventions .
4. Contemporary nursing requires that the nurse have knowledge and skills for a variety of
professional roles and responsibilities. Which of the following are examples of these roles? (Select all
that apply.)
A) Caregiver
B) Autonomy
C) Patient advocate
D) Health promotion
E) Genetic counselor
Correct Answer: A, B, C, D – Caregiver, Autonomy, Patient advocate, Health promotion
Rationale: Professional nursing roles include caregiver, autonomy (independent nursing interventions),
patient advocate, educator, communicator, and manager. Genetic counselor is a specialized role, not a
standard professional nursing role .
5. The nurse spends time with a patient and family reviewing a dressing change procedure for the
patient's wound. The patient's spouse demonstrates how to change the dressing. The nurse is acting
in which professional role?
A) Caregiver
B) Educator
C) Advocate
D) Manager
Correct Answer: B – Educator
Rationale: The educator role includes explaining concepts, demonstrating procedures, and evaluating
learning. Here, the nurse teaches the dressing change and evaluates the spouse's demonstration .
6. In nursing, autonomy involves:
A) Responsibility for the type and quality of nursing care provided
B) The initiation of independent nursing interventions without medical orders
C) Protecting the patient's human and legal rights
D) Coordinating activities of nursing staff
Correct Answer: B – The initiation of independent nursing interventions without medical orders
Rationale: Autonomy means the nurse independently initiates interventions (e.g., advising a patient to
cough and deep breathe) without a provider's order. Accountability is responsibility for care provided .
, 7. The nurse is responsible both professionally and legally for the care provided. Which concept does
this describe?
A) Autonomy
B) Accountability
C) Patient advocacy
D) Patient education
Correct Answer: B – Accountability
Rationale: Accountability means being answerable for one's actions and ensuring competent, current
nursing practice. It requires remaining current in scientific knowledge and technical skills .
8. Which of the following is an example of the nurse acting as a manager?
A) Teaching a patient how to administer insulin
B) Protecting a patient's right to refuse treatment
C) Directing nursing staff and establishing an environment for collaborative, patient-centered care
D) Initiating independent nursing interventions without an order
Correct Answer: C – Directing nursing staff and establishing an environment for collaborative, patient-
centered care
Rationale: Nurse managers coordinate nursing staff activities, have personnel/policy/budgetary
responsibility, and create environments reflecting organizational mission. Teaching is educator role;
protecting rights is advocacy; independent interventions are autonomy .
9. Quality communication is essential for all nursing roles. The nurse acting as communicator should:
A) Make all decisions for the patient
B) Avoid discussing patient preferences
C) Know the patient's preferences, strengths, weaknesses, and needs
D) Communicate only with physicians, not patients
Correct Answer: C – Know the patient's preferences, strengths, weaknesses, and needs
Rationale: Effective communication allows the nurse to know the patient holistically, including
preferences and needs, and is fundamental to providing high-quality, coordinated care .
10. Which nursing intervention best reflects the caregiver role?
A) Filing an incident report after a medication error
B) Explaining the risks and benefits of a surgical procedure
C) Helping a patient maintain and regain health and manage disease symptoms
D) Coordinating nursing staff assignments for the shift
Correct Answer: C – Helping a patient maintain and regain health and manage disease symptoms
Rationale: The caregiver role involves helping patients maintain/regain health, manage disease and
symptoms, and attain maximal function and independence through the healing process .
