ENT EXAM QUESTIONS WITH VERIFIED ANSWERS
parts of the external ear - Answers - Auricle
Helix
Antihelix
Lobule
Tragus
Ear canal
mastoid process - Answers - Present in the temporal bone of the skull
Palpated behind the earlobe
consists of sinuses of air cells that form a link with the middle ear
where does the stylomastoid foramen pierce? - Answers - The stylomastoid foramen
pierces it from the front and the mastoid foramen is present at the back
when does the mastoid develop? - Answers - Not present in individuals at birth
Develops over time & appears around age 2 y/o
middle ear - Answers - Air filled middle ear
Transforms sound vibrations into mechanical waves for the inner ear
Proximal end Eustachian tube connects the middle ear to the nasopharynx
ossicles of middle ear - Answers - Malleus
Umbo = eardrum meets
tip of malleus
Incus
Can sometimes be
seen through drum
Stapes
what nerve is found in the inner ear - Answers - Distal end of Auditory Nerve (CN VIII)
assess condition by testing auditory function
hearing pathways- conductive - Answers - External ear through the middle ear
Air vs bone
Normally air conduction > bone conduction
sensorineural phase - Answers - Cochlea and cochlear phase
equilibrium phase - Answers - Labyrinth of the three semicircular canals senses position
and movement of the head to determine balance
hearing loss onset - Answers - Unilateral or Bilateral
, Sudden - may indicate vascular or autoimmune cause
Gradual - viral etiology
what does conductive hearing loss result from? - Answers - Results from dysfunction of
the external or middle ear & includes any condition that interferes with or blocks the
transmission of sound waves from the external ear to the inner ear
EX. of things that could cause conductive hearing loss - Answers - - Cerumen
- Foreign Bodies (common in young children)
- Infection
- Effusion (one of the most common causes in 4-15 y/o
- Otosclerosis (alteration in the appearance of the TM & most
common cause in 15-50 y/o)
- Patients say they hear better in a noisy environment
sensorineural hearing loss - Answers - caused by a disease process in the inner ear
structures or auditory nerve most commonly the cochlea
- Congenital (accounts for 50% of deafness in children)
- Acquired (viral infections, ototoxic drugs, systemic diseases
& noise)
what do pts w/ sensorineural hearing loss complain of - Answers - Particular trouble
understanding speech
People mumble
Noisy rooms make it worse
red flags of hearing loss - Answers - - Ear pain - Tinnitus
- Headache, mastoid or jaw pain - Vertigo
- Fever - Medications
- Cough - Occupation
- Discharge - Trauma
PMH of ENT - Answers - Systemic - HTN, CV disease, DM, GERD, esophagitis,
asthma, nephritis, bleeding disorder
Ear - frequent infections as a child, surgery, labrynthitis, abx. Use dosage & duration
Nose - trauma, surgery, chronic nosebleeds
Sinuses - chronic post-nasal drip, recurrent or chronic sinusitis, seasonal allergies
Throat - frequent documented strep, T&A
what types of meds to ask about - Answers - Decreased salivation - anticholinergics,
diuretics, antihistamines, antispasmodics, antihypertensives, antidepressants &
tranquilizers
Ototoxic Drugs - Vancomycin etc...
Antibiotic use
parts of the external ear - Answers - Auricle
Helix
Antihelix
Lobule
Tragus
Ear canal
mastoid process - Answers - Present in the temporal bone of the skull
Palpated behind the earlobe
consists of sinuses of air cells that form a link with the middle ear
where does the stylomastoid foramen pierce? - Answers - The stylomastoid foramen
pierces it from the front and the mastoid foramen is present at the back
when does the mastoid develop? - Answers - Not present in individuals at birth
Develops over time & appears around age 2 y/o
middle ear - Answers - Air filled middle ear
Transforms sound vibrations into mechanical waves for the inner ear
Proximal end Eustachian tube connects the middle ear to the nasopharynx
ossicles of middle ear - Answers - Malleus
Umbo = eardrum meets
tip of malleus
Incus
Can sometimes be
seen through drum
Stapes
what nerve is found in the inner ear - Answers - Distal end of Auditory Nerve (CN VIII)
assess condition by testing auditory function
hearing pathways- conductive - Answers - External ear through the middle ear
Air vs bone
Normally air conduction > bone conduction
sensorineural phase - Answers - Cochlea and cochlear phase
equilibrium phase - Answers - Labyrinth of the three semicircular canals senses position
and movement of the head to determine balance
hearing loss onset - Answers - Unilateral or Bilateral
, Sudden - may indicate vascular or autoimmune cause
Gradual - viral etiology
what does conductive hearing loss result from? - Answers - Results from dysfunction of
the external or middle ear & includes any condition that interferes with or blocks the
transmission of sound waves from the external ear to the inner ear
EX. of things that could cause conductive hearing loss - Answers - - Cerumen
- Foreign Bodies (common in young children)
- Infection
- Effusion (one of the most common causes in 4-15 y/o
- Otosclerosis (alteration in the appearance of the TM & most
common cause in 15-50 y/o)
- Patients say they hear better in a noisy environment
sensorineural hearing loss - Answers - caused by a disease process in the inner ear
structures or auditory nerve most commonly the cochlea
- Congenital (accounts for 50% of deafness in children)
- Acquired (viral infections, ototoxic drugs, systemic diseases
& noise)
what do pts w/ sensorineural hearing loss complain of - Answers - Particular trouble
understanding speech
People mumble
Noisy rooms make it worse
red flags of hearing loss - Answers - - Ear pain - Tinnitus
- Headache, mastoid or jaw pain - Vertigo
- Fever - Medications
- Cough - Occupation
- Discharge - Trauma
PMH of ENT - Answers - Systemic - HTN, CV disease, DM, GERD, esophagitis,
asthma, nephritis, bleeding disorder
Ear - frequent infections as a child, surgery, labrynthitis, abx. Use dosage & duration
Nose - trauma, surgery, chronic nosebleeds
Sinuses - chronic post-nasal drip, recurrent or chronic sinusitis, seasonal allergies
Throat - frequent documented strep, T&A
what types of meds to ask about - Answers - Decreased salivation - anticholinergics,
diuretics, antihistamines, antispasmodics, antihypertensives, antidepressants &
tranquilizers
Ototoxic Drugs - Vancomycin etc...
Antibiotic use
