NUR 204 / NUR204 Exam 1 V2– Leadership and Management Review (Latest 2026/2027 Update) | Fortis College | Complete Study Guide | Verified Questions & Answers | 100% Correct Solutions | Grade A

NUR 204 / NUR204 Exam 1 V2– Leadership and Management Review (Latest 2026/2027 Update) | Fortis College | Complete Study Guide | Verified Questions & Answers | 100% Correct Solutions | Grade A Q: ____ is the ability to influence the behavior of others. Answer leadership Q: Three competencies of leadership Answer -diagnose -adapt -communicate Q: four common traits of born leaders are the management of: Answer -attention -meaning -trust -self Q: _____ leadership, also known as directive, controlling, and authoritarian, gives orders and makes decisions for the group. It may squelch creativity and may decrease team member motivation. Answer autocratic Q: ______ leadership, also known as participative, shares leadership. Plans and decisions are made with the team. Is more flexible and increases motivation and creativity Answer democratic Q: ____ leadership, also known as permissive and nondirective, means "let someone do" and includes very little planning/decision making. This fails to encourage others to plan/make decision making. Answer Laissez-faire Q: The most effective leader balances ______. It is common for one to be overemphasized which leaves the other unrecognized. Answer tasks and relationship Q: _____ leadership recognizes complexity of work situations and encourages the leader to consider many factors when deciding what action to take. Adaptability is key. Answer situational Q: ____ leadership focuses on meaning, inspiration, and vision. The goals of the leader and staff become "fused" Answer transformational Q: ____ leadership involves deciding how one ought to remain honest, fair, and socially responsible under any circumstances. Answer moral Q: qualities of a leader Answer integrity courage positive attitude initiative energy optimism perseverance generosity balance ability to handle stress self-awareness Q: behaviors of a leader include Answer setting priorities thinking critically solving problems respecting people communicating skillfully communicating a vision for the future developing oneself and others Q: _____ leadership comes from servant leadership and emotional intelligence. Answer caring caring leaders characteristics Answer respects others listens to others maintains awareness emphasize develop their capacities are competent ______ involves actively determining the group's direction, invest time and energy in the group, think critically, and advocate for new ideas. Answer followership _____ is the process of consciously working with your manager to obtain the best results for everyone involved Answer managing up _____ is getting work done through others and doing what is needed to assist employees to work well. Answer management _____ management is efficiency focused and emphasizes tasks aspects. Increasing productivity is the goal. Workflow and time to complete tasks is measured and evaluated. Answer scientific ____ management emphasizes guidance rather than control, development rather than close supervision, and reward rather than punishment. Answer human relations-based management theory Y ____ management believes work is something to be avoided and people want to do as little work as possible. It uses control, supervision, and punishment Answer human relations-based management theory X ____ leadership applies more to people in supervising or administrative positions than people in staff positions. Believes "employee first" not :"manager first" Answer servant qualities of effective management include: Answer - leadership - professionalism - advanced clinical expertise - human resource management expertise - financial management - coordination of pt care - Involves a combination of leadership, clinical expertise, and business sense Behaviors of effective managers includes interpersonal activities decisional activities informational activities interpersonal activities of management include -networking -conflict negotiation and resolution -employee development -coaching decisional activities of management include -employee evaluation -resource allocation -hiring/firing employees -planning for the future -job analysis and redesign informational activities of management include -spokesperson -monitoring -reporting ______ is any system of regulations that govern the conduct of individuals within a community and/or surgery, in response to the need for regularity, consistency, and justice. law laws are created in one of three ways: -statutory laws -common law -administrative law ____ laws are created by various legislative bodies. Federal examples include Patient Self Determination Act of 1990 and American with Disabilities Act. State examples include nurse practice acts, states board of nursing, and Good Samaritan Act. statutory ____ law develops within the court system as judicial decisions are made in various cases and precedents for future cases are set. common ______ law includes the procedures created by administrative agencies. administrative Sources of law include: -constitution -statutes -administrative law ________ are written laws created by a government or accepted governing body. Local _____ are called ordinances statutes _____ develop rules and regulations that direct the implementation of statutory law administrative law ______ law is a type of law that protect society from actions that threaten its existence. Three categories are felony, misdemeanor, and juvenile. criminal ____ are the most serious category of criminal law. Examples include homicide, grand larceny, and nurse practice act violation felony _______ are a category of criminal law that include traffic violation and shoplifting of small amounts misdemeanor _____ crimes are carried out by people less than 18 juvenile ______ law is a type of law that involves the violation of one person's rights by another person. civil _____ law is a legal or civil wrong carried out by one person against the person or property of another. The plantiff is the victim and the defendant caused the injury. tort ______ torts are voluntary acts that cause injury or anguish without meaning to harm or cause distress. The element of intent is missing. Quasi-Intentional _____ is the unintentional tort of acting or failing to act as an ordinary, reasonable, prudent person, resulting in harm to the person to who the duty of care is owed. negligence In order for negligence to be determined all four of these elements have to be present: duty breach of duty causation harm or injury ____ is the term used for professional negligence. malpractice _____ encourages physicians and nurses to respond to emergency situations by protecting them from civil liability as long as they behave in the same manner as an ordinary, reasonable, and prudent professional standards of care in the same or similar circumstances. If a payment is received for the care then they are no longer covered. Good Samaritan Laws _____ of 1996 was passed as an effort to preserve confidentiality, protect the privacy of health information, and improve the portability and continuation of health-care coverage. Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPPAA) ______ are categorized as quasi-intentional torts slander and libel ____ is a quasi-intentional tort that refers to the spoken work. slander ______ is a quasi-intentional tort that refers to the written word libel ______ is confining an individual against his or her will by physical or verbal means. false imprisonment ______ is the threatening to do harm assault ______ is touching another person without his or her consent. battery ______ are among the elements to determine if harm was caused by malpractice or negligence standards of nursing practice two most common forms of advance directives are living wills durable power of attorney for health care the first technological advances in the medical field occurred during 1947 and 1948 as the polio epidemic raged through Europe and the U.S. ______ was developed manual ventilation the late 1960s brought advances in the medical field such as: -open heart surgery -ICU -critical care nursing ____ is a subdiscipline of ethics and is the study of medical mortality bioethics ____ are judgements about the importance or unimportance of objects, ideas, attitudes, and attributes values ____ arise from an individual's conscience and act as a guide for individual behavior and are learned through family systems, instruction, and socialization. morals ____ are a set of related values value systems ______ values are those related to sustaining life such as food and water intrinsic _____ values are not essential to life and are the value of objects, both physical and abstract. They offer a means of achieving something else. Examples include things, people, and material items. extrinsic ______ values are qualities that people consider important in their private lives. Examples include strong family ties and acceptance by others personal _______ values are qualities considered important by a professional group. Examples include autonomy, integrity, and commitment professional individual's behaviors are motivated by ____. values values generate the standards by which people _____ judge others people often adapt values of ______ individuals they admire. Kirschenbaum uses a three-step model to identify one's on values: -choosing -prizing -acting _____ are an organized way of thinking about why people exist in the universe. People may have a personal _____, participate in a religion that provides such a system, or a combination of the two. belief systems _____ are a standardized code as a guide to behavior. ethics _____ are an individual's own code for acceptable behavior. morals ______ theory for ethics takes their norms and rules from the duties that individuals owe each other by the goodness of the commitment they make and the roles they take upon themselves. It considers the intention of the action, not the consequences. deontological _____ theory of ethics take their own norms and rules for behaviors from the consequences of the action. teleological (utilitarianism) _____ integrates existing ethical principals and tries to resolve conflicts by relating one or more of these principals to a given situation. principalism _____ is the freedom to make decisions for oneself autonomy ______ means no harm by done, deliberately or unintentionally. Nurses protect individuals that are unable to protect themselves nonmaleficence _____ means good be done for the benifit of others beneficence _____ means to treat every person equally regardless of gender, sexual orientation, religion, ethnicity, disease, or social standing justice _____ includes the professional's loyalty to fulfill all responsibilities and agreement expected as part of professional practice. It is the basis for accountability fidelity anything stated to nurses or healthcare providers by clients must remain _______. The only time this can be violated is if clients indicate harm to themselves or others or if the client gives permission for the information to be shared. confidential ______ are a formal statement of the rules of ethical behavior for a particular group of individuals. They are subject to change. ethical codes _______ ethics focuses on virtues, or moral character, rather than duties or rules that emphasize the consequences of action. virtue _____ are the center of nursing ethics relationships ________ ethics focuses on the workplace and are aimed at the organizational level. organizational ____ occur when a problem exists that forces a choice between two or more ethical principles ethical dilemmas the _____ can be used to resolve ethical dilemmas nursing process when using assessment to resolve ethical dilemmas data should be collected such as: -medical facts -psychosocial facts -cultural beliefs -patient's wishes -values in conflict When applying planning to solve an ethical dilemma everyone involved in the decision must be involved. Phases of planning: 1. determine goals of treatment 2. identify decision makers 3. list and rank all the options during ______ when resolving an ethical dilemma the patient or surrogate decision maker and members of the health-care team reach a mutually acceptable decision. implementation during _____ when resolving an ethical dilemma it is determined whether the desired outcomes have occurred. evaluation Types of health-care organizations -private not-for-profit -public -private for-profit _____ is an enduring set of shared values, beliefs, and assumptions. organizational culture Three levels of organizational culture 1. artifact level - is the visible characteristics such as patient room layout, paint colors, lobby design, logo, and directional signs. 2. espoused beliefs - written goals; philosophy of the organization 3. underlying assumptions - unconscious but powerful beliefs and feelings, such as a commitment to cure every patient, no matter the cost ______ are shared values, attitudes, and behaviors that are directed to preventing or minimizing patient harm. culture of safety important aspects of culture of safety -acknowledge mistakes -detecting and eliminating error-prone situations -questioning existing systems and changing them to prevent error. Factors that contribute to excellence and longevity of nurse managers -excellence -meaningfulness -regard -learning and growth organizational goals include: -survival -growth -profit -status -dominance _____ organizational structure ranks employees from the top to the bottom. The CEO or president is at the top; housekeeping and maintenance crews are at the bottom. traditional in the traditional organizational structure the number of people at the bottom is ____ that the number of people on the top. greater ____ organizational structure is more flexible, less centralized, and organic. Decisions are made by people who will implement them, not by their bosses. innovative ____ processes are written policies and procedures present in all health-care organizations formal ____ processes are not written and often not discussed. They are often simpler and faster informal ____ is the ability to influence other people despite their resistance power ____ is a source of power where power is granted to an individual or group to control resources and decisions authority _____ is a source of power that provides promises or benefits reward _____ is a source of power that special knowledge an individual is believed to possess control of influence _____ is a source of power that involves that threat of pain or of some type of harm coercion ____ is a psychological state; a feeling of competence, control, and entitlement empowerment nurse empowerment includes -decision making -autonomy -manageable workload -reward and recognition -fairness ______ uses the power of numbers to equalize the power of employees and employer collective bargaining Communication involved the spoken word as well as: -the nonverbal message -the emotional state of people involved -outside distractions -cultural background that affects the interpretation of the message _____ often lead to misinterpretations of the message during communication -superficial listening -individual's attitude ____ should be used in communication by nurses. It allows for people to stand up for themselves, respects the rights of others, clearly states the an individual's position, and uses "I" statements. assertiveness Most daily communication falls into the category ______. impersonal _____ communication is a process that gives people the opportunity to reflect, construct personal knowledge, and develop a sense of collective knowledge about others. This type of communication is key to working effectively with others. interpersonal _____ models of communication labels all individuals as communicators. It allows for the fact that communication occurs simultaneously. It acknowledges that noise occurs in all interactions and includes the concept of time. transactional Challenges that impede communication: - low health literacy -cultural diversity -cultural competence of HCPs -lack of interprofessional communication education of providers. ______ are the computerized clinical records produced in the health-care institution and heath care provider offices. They are legal documents. Electronic medical records (EMR) ____ includes summaries of the EMR. Electronic health records (EHR) advantages of EMR over paper charts: -track data over time -indentify which patients need preventive screening or checkup -monitor patient status -evaluate and improve overall quality of care advantages of EHR: -documents are shared among varying institutions/individuals -focus is on the total health of a patient -provide a more inclusive view of a patient's care over time -designed to share information with other health-care providers -assist in maintaining patient confidentiality _____ is a form of communication used within (intranet) and outside (Internet) of organization's systems. Rules for these are different than personal ____. E-mail _____ are a brief informal method of electronic communication between friends, close acquaintances, or automated systems. Has no rules, but for colleagues or consultants the some guidelines for e-mails applies. text messages _______ ensures continuity of care from one area to another. TJC incorporated this in its national patient safety goals in 2009. hand-off communication the function of professional nurses in relation to theirs patients' health-care provider is to -communicate changes in the patient's condition -share other pertinent information -discuss modifications of the treatment plan -clarify orders before calling the health-care provider: -make sure all information is available -be prepared to provide general assessment information -include pertinent information If the health-care provider does not answer: -document time of the call in the patient record -document the time the call was returned in a health-care provider log -follow the chain of command if a call is not returned within an appropriate amount of time ISBARR stands for -introduction -situation -background -assessment -recommendation -read-back Three types of health-care provider orders -written -telephone -faxed The Quality and Safety Education for Nurses (QSEN) defined ____ as the ability to perform effectively within nursing and interprofessional teams, fostering open communication, mutual respect, and shared decision making to achieve quality patient care. teamwork The World Health Organization (WHO) defines _____ as occurring when "multiple health workers from different professional backgrounds work together with patients, families, caregivers, and communities to deliver the highest quality care." interprofessional collaboration Components of interprofessional collaboration - sharing - partnership - interdependency - power _____ is a core component to promote interprofesional collaboration communication Team STEPPS is a team-related method of communication developed by the Department of Defense (DoD) and the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ). It include four skills: -leadership -situation monitoring -mutual support -communication interprofessional teams focus on the _____ needs of the patients the ANA defined _____ as the reassigning of responsibility for the performance of a job from one person to another delegation ______ maintain accountability for supervising those to whom tasks are delegated _____ delegation is usually "verbal direction by the RN delegator regarding an activity or task in a specific nursing care situation." direct ______ delegation is an "approved listing of activities or tasks that have been established in policies and procedures of the health care institution of facility." indirect _____ is more direct that delegation and requires directly overseeing the work or performance of others. supervision _____ is used when delegating tasks The nursing process: -assessment -planning -implementation -evaluation methods to help organize care include: -critical pathways -computerized information sheets -personalized worksheets -delegation tree _____ are individuals trained to function in an assistive role to the nurse. They perform delegated tasks, are under direct supervision of the RN, and may or may not be certified unlicensed assistive personal (UAPs) examples of UAPs tasks that can be delegated - vital signs - skills learned through special training (blood drawing, EEGs) - measuring intake and output - non-nursing duties Five factors to determine is client care activity should be delegated: 1. potential for harm to the patient 2. complexity of the tasks 3. extent of problem solving and innovation required 4. predictability of outcome 5. extent of interaction Tasks-related concerns for delegation - ability (primary concern) -priorities - efficiency - appropriateness Relationship-Oriented Concerns for delegation - fairness - learning opportunities - health - compatibility - preferences barriers to delegation: - experience - licensure - quality of care - assigning work to others the five rights of delegation: - right task - right circumstances - right person - right direction/communication - right supervision/evaluation ____ conflicts are focused on issues related to the work being done task-related ____ conflicts are primarily related to personal and social issues relationship sources of conflicts include: - power plays and competition between groups - increased workload - multiple role demands - threats to safety and security - scarce resources - cultural differences - ethical conflicts - invasion and personal space ____ targets one individual and is an attempt to exert power over another person. It may have devastating effects on the individual and the team. bullying ____ displays of disrespect among staff and providers. Coworkers are the most common source workplace incivility _____ occurs when personal and professional ethics are violated moral distress Conflict resolution myths - win, lose, or draw (a win-win result is the best resolution) - fixed pie method - devaluation reaction Pros of collective bargaining: - protects workers' rights -grievance procedures available - higher pay -empowering Cons of collective bargaining: - creates management-staff barrier - adds rules and regulations - drains manager's time ____ is a natural phenomenon that. It is a part of everyone's life. If it occurs too rapidly or demands too much, it can make people uncomfortable, even anxious or stressed. change The proves of change described by Kurt Lewin in 1951: -unfreezing: actions that create readiness to change (comfort zone) -change: implementation phase (discomfort zone) -refreezing: restabilizing phase during which the changes that was made becomes a regular part of every day function (new comfort zone) active resistance to change: - attacking the idea - refusal to change - arguing against change - organizing resistance of other people passive resistance to change: - avoiding discussion - ignoring the change - refusing to commit to the change - agreeing but not acting four phases of planned change: - design the change - plan the implementation - implement the change - integrate the change