MCA 1 - Cline - Exam 1 Samuel Merritt University MCA 1 -
Test #1 Inflamation, immune response, infection, fluid &
electrolytes, diabetes, delegation Questions With Complete
Solutions
Inflammatory Response - ANSWERS-Sequential response to cell injury
-establishes an environment for healing and repair
-Inflammation is always present w/ infection**
-->infection not always present w/ inflammation
vascular response - ANSWERSinitial vascular constriction followed by chemical
mediated (histamine) vasodilation/capillary permeability (redness,swelling, heat)
cellular response - ANSWERS-neutrophils & monocytes
-neutrophils first to arrive, phagocytize bacteria and foreign objects
-dead neutrophils and bacteria are pus
-monocytes transform into macrophages and clean area for healing
-lymphocytes arrive later, humoral and cell mediated immunity
chemical mediators - ANSWERS-complement system: enzyme cascade mediates
inflammation
-prostaglandins&leukotrienes: think of meds to tx inflammation (leukotriene
inhibitors)
clinical manifestations of inflammation - ANSWERS-heat
-redness
-pain
-swelling
-loss of function (due to pain&swelling)
-increase and 'shift to the left'** (infection due to increase in WBC)
-Fever
--> not present in immunocompromised pt (cancer, chemo, HIV/AIDs, transplant)
small increases in temp. may be a red flag and should be assessed!
Tx for inflammation - ANSWERS-RICE
Rest, Ice, Compression & immobilization, Elevation)
-NSAIDs (advil, aleve)
-Tylenol
Wound healing - ANSWERS-Regeneration: replacement of lost cells and tissues
w/ the same type
-Repair: lost cells replaced w/ connective tissue, scar formation
Primary, secondary, tertiary intention healing - ANSWERS-Primary intention:
rapid healing, no infection, suture/staples(surgical cut)
, -Secondary intention: heal by granulation(burns, pressure ulcers) risk for infection,
scarring, repair is longer
-Tertiary intention: wound is left open to heal, heal from inside out ex: abdominal
wound for drainage
local/disseminated/systemic infections - ANSWERS-local: cut on finger and
infected
-disseminated: cut finger, out in country for a week, no abx, arm is infected
-systemic: sepsis, infection in blood
--> tachycardia, infection, fever
HCP contribute to infection problems - ANSWERS1. abx for viral infections
2. prescribing abx unnecessarily
3. inadequate drug regiment
4. using broad spectrum abx when not needed
patient contribute to infection problem - ANSWERS1. skipping doses
2. not taking meds for full duration of tx
3. saving unused abx
HAIs acquired through exposure in a healthcare setting - ANSWERSC Diff
VRE
MRSA
Immune response: defense, homeostasis, surveillance - ANSWERS-immunity is
body's ability to resist disease
1. defense - prevents invasion of microorganisms and infection
2. homeostasis - damaged cellular substances are digested and removed
3. surveillance - mutations continually arise, recognized as foreign
antigens - ANSWERS-substances that elicit an immune response
-usually proteins, but also large polysaccharides, lipoproteins, and nucleic acids
Types of immunity: active immunity - ANSWERS-natural is antibodies or
activated lymphocytes are produced as a result of infection
ex: catching a cold
-artificial is antibodies are produced as a result of immunization w/ vaccine
types of immunity: passive immunity - ANSWERS-natural is antibodies passed to
a fetus through placenta
-artificial is antibodies that have been produced by an infected host (artificial
serum)
Humoral Immunity - ANSWERSB cells produce antibodies after exposure to
specific antigens; type of adaptive immunity
Primary exposure (IgM) - ANSWERS-initial, immediate response
-B cells differentiate into plasma cells when exposed to antigens to create/release
antibodies
Secondary exposure(IgG) - ANSWERS-'good to go'
Test #1 Inflamation, immune response, infection, fluid &
electrolytes, diabetes, delegation Questions With Complete
Solutions
Inflammatory Response - ANSWERS-Sequential response to cell injury
-establishes an environment for healing and repair
-Inflammation is always present w/ infection**
-->infection not always present w/ inflammation
vascular response - ANSWERSinitial vascular constriction followed by chemical
mediated (histamine) vasodilation/capillary permeability (redness,swelling, heat)
cellular response - ANSWERS-neutrophils & monocytes
-neutrophils first to arrive, phagocytize bacteria and foreign objects
-dead neutrophils and bacteria are pus
-monocytes transform into macrophages and clean area for healing
-lymphocytes arrive later, humoral and cell mediated immunity
chemical mediators - ANSWERS-complement system: enzyme cascade mediates
inflammation
-prostaglandins&leukotrienes: think of meds to tx inflammation (leukotriene
inhibitors)
clinical manifestations of inflammation - ANSWERS-heat
-redness
-pain
-swelling
-loss of function (due to pain&swelling)
-increase and 'shift to the left'** (infection due to increase in WBC)
-Fever
--> not present in immunocompromised pt (cancer, chemo, HIV/AIDs, transplant)
small increases in temp. may be a red flag and should be assessed!
Tx for inflammation - ANSWERS-RICE
Rest, Ice, Compression & immobilization, Elevation)
-NSAIDs (advil, aleve)
-Tylenol
Wound healing - ANSWERS-Regeneration: replacement of lost cells and tissues
w/ the same type
-Repair: lost cells replaced w/ connective tissue, scar formation
Primary, secondary, tertiary intention healing - ANSWERS-Primary intention:
rapid healing, no infection, suture/staples(surgical cut)
, -Secondary intention: heal by granulation(burns, pressure ulcers) risk for infection,
scarring, repair is longer
-Tertiary intention: wound is left open to heal, heal from inside out ex: abdominal
wound for drainage
local/disseminated/systemic infections - ANSWERS-local: cut on finger and
infected
-disseminated: cut finger, out in country for a week, no abx, arm is infected
-systemic: sepsis, infection in blood
--> tachycardia, infection, fever
HCP contribute to infection problems - ANSWERS1. abx for viral infections
2. prescribing abx unnecessarily
3. inadequate drug regiment
4. using broad spectrum abx when not needed
patient contribute to infection problem - ANSWERS1. skipping doses
2. not taking meds for full duration of tx
3. saving unused abx
HAIs acquired through exposure in a healthcare setting - ANSWERSC Diff
VRE
MRSA
Immune response: defense, homeostasis, surveillance - ANSWERS-immunity is
body's ability to resist disease
1. defense - prevents invasion of microorganisms and infection
2. homeostasis - damaged cellular substances are digested and removed
3. surveillance - mutations continually arise, recognized as foreign
antigens - ANSWERS-substances that elicit an immune response
-usually proteins, but also large polysaccharides, lipoproteins, and nucleic acids
Types of immunity: active immunity - ANSWERS-natural is antibodies or
activated lymphocytes are produced as a result of infection
ex: catching a cold
-artificial is antibodies are produced as a result of immunization w/ vaccine
types of immunity: passive immunity - ANSWERS-natural is antibodies passed to
a fetus through placenta
-artificial is antibodies that have been produced by an infected host (artificial
serum)
Humoral Immunity - ANSWERSB cells produce antibodies after exposure to
specific antigens; type of adaptive immunity
Primary exposure (IgM) - ANSWERS-initial, immediate response
-B cells differentiate into plasma cells when exposed to antigens to create/release
antibodies
Secondary exposure(IgG) - ANSWERS-'good to go'
