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Samenvatting Chemie Semester 2 | Organische Stofklassen | 3e Graad | 2025/26

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Studie materiaal voor Chemie semester 2 in 3e graad, gericht op organische stofklassen en koolwaterstoffen. Het document behandelt de indeling en naamvorming van organische stoffen, bindingseigenschappen van koolstof, acyclische en cyclische alkanen, onverzadigde koolwaterstoffen, aromaten, en praktische toepassingen zoals methaan, LPG, benzine en etheen. Ideaal voor examenvoorbereiding dankzij de duidelijke structuur, overzichtelijke indelingen en concrete voorbeelden van naamgeving en formulevorming.

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CHEMIE ~ SEM 2
ELINE HOLLEBOSCH



Inhoud
3. organische stofklassen............................................................................................................ 2
3.1 indeling en naamvorming van organische stoffen..............................................................2
3.1.1 bindingseigenschappen van koolstof............................................................................2
3.1.2 voorstellingen van koolstofverbindingen......................................................................3
3.1.3 indeling........................................................................................................................ 3
3.1.4. naamgeving van de organische stoffen.......................................................................4
3.2 de koolwaterstoffen............................................................................................................ 5
3.2.1 acyclische verzadigde koolwaterstoffen.......................................................................5
3.2.2 cyclische verzadigde koolwaterstoffen.........................................................................6
3.2.3 onverzadigde koolwaterstoffen....................................................................................6
3.2.4 aromatische koolwaterstoffen......................................................................................8
3.3 monofunctionele koolstofverbindingen.............................................................................10
3.3.2 gehalogeneerde koolwaterstoffen..............................................................................10
3.3.3 alcoholen.................................................................................................................... 11
3.3.4 ethers......................................................................................................................... 13
3.3.5 aldehyden................................................................................................................... 13
3.3.6 ketonen...................................................................................................................... 14
3.3.7 carbonzuren............................................................................................................... 15
3.3.8 esters......................................................................................................................... 16
3.3.9 aminen....................................................................................................................... 16
3.3.10 amiden..................................................................................................................... 17
3.4 isomerie............................................................................................................................ 18
3.4.1 structuurisomerie of constitutie-isomerie...................................................................18
3.4.2 stereo-isomerie.......................................................................................................... 20
3.5 fysische eigenschappen van organische stoffen...............................................................23
3.5.1 aggregatietoestand.................................................................................................... 23
3.5.2 oplosbaarheid............................................................................................................. 24
3.5.3 geleidbaarheid............................................................................................................ 24
4. biomoleculen......................................................................................................................... 25
4.1 lipiden............................................................................................................................... 25
4.2 sachariden........................................................................................................................ 26
4.3 proteïnen.......................................................................................................................... 27
4.4 nucleïnezuren................................................................................................................... 30
5. reactietypes i/d organische chemie.......................................................................................31

Pagina 1 van 46

, 5.1 reactiviteit v organische verbindingen..............................................................................31
5.1.1 substraat.................................................................................................................... 31
5.1.2 reagens...................................................................................................................... 31
5.1.3 types bindingsdoorbraak............................................................................................ 31
5.2 reacties van alkanen........................................................................................................ 34
5.2.1 degradatie.................................................................................................................. 34
5.2.2 halogenering.............................................................................................................. 34
5.3 reacties van halogeenalkanen..........................................................................................35
5.3.1 synthese v/e alcohol................................................................................................... 35
5.3.2 synthese v/e amine.................................................................................................... 36
5.3.3 synthese v/e ether...................................................................................................... 37
5.4 reacties van alcoholen...................................................................................................... 38
6. Kunststoffen.......................................................................................................................... 39
6. Organisch practicum.............................................................................................................. 40
6.1 Te kennen proeven (samenvatting + antwoorden)...........................................................40
7. redoxreactie.......................................................................................................................... 41
Corrosie van ijzer (roesten).................................................................................................... 42
Galvanische cel vs elektrolysecel........................................................................................... 43
Leclanché-element (klassieke batterij)...................................................................................43
Lithium-ion batterij................................................................................................................. 43
Elektrolyse van keukenzout (NaCl-oplossing).........................................................................43
Zuivering van koper (Cu)........................................................................................................ 44
Galvaniseren.......................................................................................................................... 44
Duurzaamheid........................................................................................................................ 44
Oefeningen — wat moet je kunnen?.......................................................................................45

3. ORGANISCHE STOFKLASSEN

3.1 INDELING EN NAAMVORMING VAN ORGANISCHE STOFFEN


3.1.1 BINDINGSEIGENSCHAPPEN VAN KOOLSTOF




Pagina 2 van 46

,3.1.2 VOORSTELLINGEN VAN KOOLSTOFVERBINDINGEN




3.1.3 INDELING


Pagina 3 van 46

, monofunctionele polyfunctionele
koolwaterstoffen koolstofverbinding koolstofverbinding
en en
enkel opgebouwd stoffen ingedeeld meerdere
uit koolstof- en in verschillende functionele
waterstofatomen verbindingsklasse groepen in
n molecule
voorkomen
koolwaterstoffen monofunctionele polyfunctionele
koolstofverbindingen koolstofverbindingen




verzadigde acyclische onvertakt onverzadigd acyclisch onverzadigd cyclisch
vertakt



vertakt



aromatisch




3.1.4. NAAMGEVING VAN DE ORGANISCHE STOFFEN
Algemeen:

prefix functionele
groep en/of
zijketen(s)


stam aantal C-
atomen




suffix aard v/d
1 bindin (enk.,
dubbel,
drievoudig…)




Pagina 4 van 46

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