CEN Environmental & Toxicology Emergencies + Communicable Diseases Review: Emergency
Nursing Study Guide
Skin burns - ✔✔Five types:
First degree: superficial thickness= top layer of skin, heal in 3-6 days
Second degree: superficial partial thickness= deeper, skin bubbling, weepy, peeling. better in 3 -
6 weeks
Second degree: deep partial thickness; results in scarring
Third degree: full thickness: destruction of deeper layers in skin so wont heal on own. eschar
will form over the area and must be peeled off to heal.
Fourth degree: deep full thickness: through skin to muscles, endows, bone. No pain.
three Burn Phases - ✔✔emergent: hypovolemia and shock are main concern, airway
management, pain meds
acute: escar forms, re epithilialization, pink scar tissue. wound care, pain meds, infection
prevention
Resuscitative/rehab: new scar tissue forms, pt participates in plan of care, wound care, use
topical ointments and lotions
chemical exposure - ✔✔can be via inhalation, touch, consumption.
young children at increased risk,
first decontaminate,
can use gastric lavage if ingested w/in 1 hour of intake. flush stomach with saline to remove
poison.
pesticide poisoning - ✔✔decontaminate
s/s: mucus membrane and skin irritation, headache, dizziness, thirst, nausea, diarrhea,
sweating, weakness, mood changes
, Electrical injury - ✔✔can cause complications to cardiac, resp, renal systems.
several types:
-direct contact: current passes through person causing damage to skin and tissues/organs
-electrical arcs, between objects cause deep burns
-flame: clothing ignites and burns skin
-flash: heat from electrical arc does not enter body
electrical injury 2 - ✔✔labs: ABG, CBC, CMP, Creat,
CT, EKG
maintain patent airway, wound care,
envenomation emergency - ✔✔snake, spider, shark or bee bites
food poisoning - ✔✔an illness usually caused by eating food that contains harmful bacteria like
salmonella,
most common prob: dehydration d/t NVD
Giardia - ✔✔a parasite that can affect the small intestine, spreads through fecal-oral route.
also found in crowded environments like day care
s/s: diarrhea, vomiting, bloating, cramps
treat: flagyl, tinidazole, other abx
Scabies - ✔✔contagious skin disease transmitted by the mite scaroptes scabiei. the mite
completes its like cycle in your skin
s/s: puritic papular rash
treat: topical scabicide permething, hand washing, wash all clothes
Nursing Study Guide
Skin burns - ✔✔Five types:
First degree: superficial thickness= top layer of skin, heal in 3-6 days
Second degree: superficial partial thickness= deeper, skin bubbling, weepy, peeling. better in 3 -
6 weeks
Second degree: deep partial thickness; results in scarring
Third degree: full thickness: destruction of deeper layers in skin so wont heal on own. eschar
will form over the area and must be peeled off to heal.
Fourth degree: deep full thickness: through skin to muscles, endows, bone. No pain.
three Burn Phases - ✔✔emergent: hypovolemia and shock are main concern, airway
management, pain meds
acute: escar forms, re epithilialization, pink scar tissue. wound care, pain meds, infection
prevention
Resuscitative/rehab: new scar tissue forms, pt participates in plan of care, wound care, use
topical ointments and lotions
chemical exposure - ✔✔can be via inhalation, touch, consumption.
young children at increased risk,
first decontaminate,
can use gastric lavage if ingested w/in 1 hour of intake. flush stomach with saline to remove
poison.
pesticide poisoning - ✔✔decontaminate
s/s: mucus membrane and skin irritation, headache, dizziness, thirst, nausea, diarrhea,
sweating, weakness, mood changes
, Electrical injury - ✔✔can cause complications to cardiac, resp, renal systems.
several types:
-direct contact: current passes through person causing damage to skin and tissues/organs
-electrical arcs, between objects cause deep burns
-flame: clothing ignites and burns skin
-flash: heat from electrical arc does not enter body
electrical injury 2 - ✔✔labs: ABG, CBC, CMP, Creat,
CT, EKG
maintain patent airway, wound care,
envenomation emergency - ✔✔snake, spider, shark or bee bites
food poisoning - ✔✔an illness usually caused by eating food that contains harmful bacteria like
salmonella,
most common prob: dehydration d/t NVD
Giardia - ✔✔a parasite that can affect the small intestine, spreads through fecal-oral route.
also found in crowded environments like day care
s/s: diarrhea, vomiting, bloating, cramps
treat: flagyl, tinidazole, other abx
Scabies - ✔✔contagious skin disease transmitted by the mite scaroptes scabiei. the mite
completes its like cycle in your skin
s/s: puritic papular rash
treat: topical scabicide permething, hand washing, wash all clothes
