Maryville Patho NURS 611 Exam 2 Dr.
Wunderlich Latest Update 2026 | Exam
Prep | High-Yield Review Guide
1. Which body system is responsible for conserving energy and body
resources?
A) Sympathetic nervous system
B) Parasympathetic nervous system
C) Somatic nervous system
D) Enteric nervous system
2. Which system responds to stress by preparing the body to defend itself?
A) Sympathetic nervous system
B) Parasympathetic nervous system
C) Central nervous system
D) Limbic system
3. How is blood flow redistributed by the sympathetic nervous system?
A) Increased to GI tract, decreased to muscles
B) Increased to skin, decreased to kidneys
C) Increased to muscles, decreased to GI tract and skin
D) Decreased to heart and brain
4. How are primary brain injuries classified?
A) Open or closed
B) Focal or diffuse
C) Mild or severe
D) Penetrating or blunt
,5. Which describes a focal brain injury?
A) Diffuse axonal injury from shaking
B) Specific, grossly observable lesion in a precise location (e.g., epidural
hematoma)
C) Widespread hypoxic damage
D) Injury caused by metabolic derangement
6. Which is an example of a diffuse brain injury?
A) Epidural hemorrhage
B) Subdural hematoma
C) Brain injury due to hypoxia or meningitis
D) Contusion at the site of impact
7. Increased intracranial pressure can lead to which collateral endocrine
dysfunction?
A) Syndrome of inappropriate ADH (SIADH)
B) Diabetes Insipidus (decreased ADH → polyuria)
C) Hyperaldosteronism
D) Hyperthyroidism
8. Autonomic hyperreflexia is most commonly associated with spinal cord
injury at which level?
A) C1–C3
B) T1–T4
C) T5–T6 or above
D) L1–L2
9. Which finding is NOT characteristic of autonomic hyperreflexia?
A) Paroxysmal hypertension (systolic up to 300 mmHg)
B) Pounding headache and blurred vision
C) Tachycardia (HR > 120)
D) Sweating above the lesion and bradycardia
, 10. In autonomic hyperreflexia, what is the mechanism behind the
bradycardia?
A) Direct vagal suppression by the lesion
B) Baroreceptors sense HTN → stimulate vagus nerve → SA node slows
C) Sympathetic overstimulation of the heart
D) Loss of carotid sinus reflex
11. The leading cause of dementia and severe cognitive dysfunction in older
adults is:
A) Vascular dementia
B) Parkinson’s disease
C) Alzheimer’s disease
D) Frontotemporal dementia
12. The greatest risk factors for Alzheimer’s disease are:
A) Age and family history
B) Smoking and obesity
C) Head trauma and hypertension
D) Diabetes and hyperlipidemia
13. Which is considered a protective factor against Alzheimer’s disease?
A) High-fat diet
B) Physical activity and antioxidant use
C) Chronic NSAID avoidance
D) High-calorie intake
14. Genetic testing for early-onset Alzheimer’s disease screens for mutations
on:
A) Chromosome 18 (APOE4)
B) Chromosomes 14 (PSEN1), 21 (APP), and PSEN2
C) Chromosome 12 (APOE2)
D) Chromosome 6 (HLA)
Wunderlich Latest Update 2026 | Exam
Prep | High-Yield Review Guide
1. Which body system is responsible for conserving energy and body
resources?
A) Sympathetic nervous system
B) Parasympathetic nervous system
C) Somatic nervous system
D) Enteric nervous system
2. Which system responds to stress by preparing the body to defend itself?
A) Sympathetic nervous system
B) Parasympathetic nervous system
C) Central nervous system
D) Limbic system
3. How is blood flow redistributed by the sympathetic nervous system?
A) Increased to GI tract, decreased to muscles
B) Increased to skin, decreased to kidneys
C) Increased to muscles, decreased to GI tract and skin
D) Decreased to heart and brain
4. How are primary brain injuries classified?
A) Open or closed
B) Focal or diffuse
C) Mild or severe
D) Penetrating or blunt
,5. Which describes a focal brain injury?
A) Diffuse axonal injury from shaking
B) Specific, grossly observable lesion in a precise location (e.g., epidural
hematoma)
C) Widespread hypoxic damage
D) Injury caused by metabolic derangement
6. Which is an example of a diffuse brain injury?
A) Epidural hemorrhage
B) Subdural hematoma
C) Brain injury due to hypoxia or meningitis
D) Contusion at the site of impact
7. Increased intracranial pressure can lead to which collateral endocrine
dysfunction?
A) Syndrome of inappropriate ADH (SIADH)
B) Diabetes Insipidus (decreased ADH → polyuria)
C) Hyperaldosteronism
D) Hyperthyroidism
8. Autonomic hyperreflexia is most commonly associated with spinal cord
injury at which level?
A) C1–C3
B) T1–T4
C) T5–T6 or above
D) L1–L2
9. Which finding is NOT characteristic of autonomic hyperreflexia?
A) Paroxysmal hypertension (systolic up to 300 mmHg)
B) Pounding headache and blurred vision
C) Tachycardia (HR > 120)
D) Sweating above the lesion and bradycardia
, 10. In autonomic hyperreflexia, what is the mechanism behind the
bradycardia?
A) Direct vagal suppression by the lesion
B) Baroreceptors sense HTN → stimulate vagus nerve → SA node slows
C) Sympathetic overstimulation of the heart
D) Loss of carotid sinus reflex
11. The leading cause of dementia and severe cognitive dysfunction in older
adults is:
A) Vascular dementia
B) Parkinson’s disease
C) Alzheimer’s disease
D) Frontotemporal dementia
12. The greatest risk factors for Alzheimer’s disease are:
A) Age and family history
B) Smoking and obesity
C) Head trauma and hypertension
D) Diabetes and hyperlipidemia
13. Which is considered a protective factor against Alzheimer’s disease?
A) High-fat diet
B) Physical activity and antioxidant use
C) Chronic NSAID avoidance
D) High-calorie intake
14. Genetic testing for early-onset Alzheimer’s disease screens for mutations
on:
A) Chromosome 18 (APOE4)
B) Chromosomes 14 (PSEN1), 21 (APP), and PSEN2
C) Chromosome 12 (APOE2)
D) Chromosome 6 (HLA)
