NSG 3280 Exam 1 Questions and Answers
(2026/2027) | Complete Review | 100%
Verified Responses | A+
• What does etiology mean? -✓✓The cause or origin of a disease.
• What does idiopathic mean? -✓✓A disease with no known cause.
• What does iatrogenic mean? -✓✓A condition caused by medical
treatment or intervention.
• What are risk factors? -✓✓Conditions or behaviors that increase the
likelihood of disease.
• What is the prodromal stage of disease? -✓✓Early stage with vague,
nonspecific symptoms.
• What are clinical manifestations? -✓✓The signs and symptoms of a
disease.
• What does convalescence mean? -✓✓The recovery phase after illness or
injury.
• Why are older adults more vulnerable to stress? -✓✓Decreased organ
reserve, weaker immune response, and slower recovery.
• How does stress affect the elderly differently than younger adults? -
✓✓Stress is harder to compensate for and increases risk of illness and
complications.
• What is the General Adaptation Syndrome (GAS)? -✓✓The body's three-
stage response to stress: alarm, resistance, exhaustion.
• What happens during the alarm stage of stress? -✓✓Fight-or-flight
response; epinephrine and cortisol released; ↑ HR, BP, glucose.
, • What happens during the resistance stage of stress? -✓✓Body adapts to
stress while cortisol remains elevated.
• What happens during the exhaustion stage of stress? -✓✓Body
resources are depleted, leading to illness or organ failure.
• What is ischemia? -✓✓Decreased blood flow to tissues.
• What is hypoxia? -✓✓Decreased oxygen delivery to tissues.
• What are the cellular consequences of ischemia and hypoxia? -✓✓↓
ATP, lactic acid buildup, cell swelling, and possible cell death.
• What is primary prevention? -✓✓Preventing disease before it occurs
(vaccines, lifestyle changes).
• What is secondary prevention? -✓✓Early detection and treatment
(screenings).
• What is tertiary prevention? -✓✓Reducing complications and improving
quality of life (rehab, chronic care).
• What is necrosis? -✓✓Uncontrolled cell death causing inflammation and
tissue damage.
• What are common signs of necrosis? -✓✓Cell swelling, membrane
rupture, and inflammation.
• What is hydropic swelling? -✓✓Cell swelling due to sodium and water
accumulation from ATP depletion.
• What is intracellular accumulation? -✓✓Buildup of substances like fat or
protein inside the cell.
• What is coagulative necrosis? -✓✓Protein denaturation causing
irreversible cell death (common in heart and kidneys).
(2026/2027) | Complete Review | 100%
Verified Responses | A+
• What does etiology mean? -✓✓The cause or origin of a disease.
• What does idiopathic mean? -✓✓A disease with no known cause.
• What does iatrogenic mean? -✓✓A condition caused by medical
treatment or intervention.
• What are risk factors? -✓✓Conditions or behaviors that increase the
likelihood of disease.
• What is the prodromal stage of disease? -✓✓Early stage with vague,
nonspecific symptoms.
• What are clinical manifestations? -✓✓The signs and symptoms of a
disease.
• What does convalescence mean? -✓✓The recovery phase after illness or
injury.
• Why are older adults more vulnerable to stress? -✓✓Decreased organ
reserve, weaker immune response, and slower recovery.
• How does stress affect the elderly differently than younger adults? -
✓✓Stress is harder to compensate for and increases risk of illness and
complications.
• What is the General Adaptation Syndrome (GAS)? -✓✓The body's three-
stage response to stress: alarm, resistance, exhaustion.
• What happens during the alarm stage of stress? -✓✓Fight-or-flight
response; epinephrine and cortisol released; ↑ HR, BP, glucose.
, • What happens during the resistance stage of stress? -✓✓Body adapts to
stress while cortisol remains elevated.
• What happens during the exhaustion stage of stress? -✓✓Body
resources are depleted, leading to illness or organ failure.
• What is ischemia? -✓✓Decreased blood flow to tissues.
• What is hypoxia? -✓✓Decreased oxygen delivery to tissues.
• What are the cellular consequences of ischemia and hypoxia? -✓✓↓
ATP, lactic acid buildup, cell swelling, and possible cell death.
• What is primary prevention? -✓✓Preventing disease before it occurs
(vaccines, lifestyle changes).
• What is secondary prevention? -✓✓Early detection and treatment
(screenings).
• What is tertiary prevention? -✓✓Reducing complications and improving
quality of life (rehab, chronic care).
• What is necrosis? -✓✓Uncontrolled cell death causing inflammation and
tissue damage.
• What are common signs of necrosis? -✓✓Cell swelling, membrane
rupture, and inflammation.
• What is hydropic swelling? -✓✓Cell swelling due to sodium and water
accumulation from ATP depletion.
• What is intracellular accumulation? -✓✓Buildup of substances like fat or
protein inside the cell.
• What is coagulative necrosis? -✓✓Protein denaturation causing
irreversible cell death (common in heart and kidneys).
