HONDROS NURSING 2026 STUDY GUIDE
COMPLETE NURSING FUNDAMENTALS
PATHOPHYSIOLOGY AND PRACTICE
QUESTIONS
◉ Interrelated roles of nurses. Answer: communicator, teacher,
counselor, leader, researcher, advocate, collaborator
◉ coping with disability and death. Answer: nurses use optimal
function of maximum strengths and potentials, refer to community
support systems; provide care to families and patients during end-
of-life care, hospice
◉ The Nursing Process. Answer: -one of major guidelines for
nursing practice
-helps nurses implement their roles
-integrates art and science of nursing
-allows nurses to use critical thinking and clinical reasoning
-defines the areas of care that are within the domain of nursing
◉ Nurse Practice Acts. Answer: -define legal scope of nursing
practice
,-create state board of nursing to make and enforce rules and
regulation
-define important terms and activities in nursing, including legal
requirements and titles for RNs and LPNs
- established criteria for the education and licensure of nurses
◉ 5 vital signs. Answer: respirations, pulse rate, blood pressure,
temperature, and pain
◉ Nursing is recognized as profession based on what criteria.
Answer: -well defined body specific and unique knowledge
-strong service orientation
-recognized authority by a professional group (ANA)
-code of ethics
-professional organization that sets standards
-ongoing research
-autonomy and self-regulation
◉ Florence Nightingale. Answer: defined nursing as both an art and
science, differentiated nursing from medicine, created freestanding
nursing education, published books; founder of modern nursing
,◉ Clara Barton. Answer: established red cross; volunteered to care
for wounds and feed union soldiers during civil war; served as
supervisor of nurses for the army of James
◉ sources of knowledge. Answer: -traditional ( passed down from
generation to generation)
-authoritative- comes from an expert, accepted as truth based on
person's perceived expertise
-scientific (obtained through the scientific method-research)
◉ objective. Answer: you can see the object
◉ subjective. Answer: coming from that subject
◉ types of knowledge. Answer: -science (observing, identifying,
describing, investigating, and explaining events and occurences that
are perceived in world)
-philosophy (the study of wisdom, fundamental knowledge, and the
processes used to develop and construct on perception on life)
-process (a series of actions, changes, or functions intended to bring
about a desired result)
◉ goals of nursing research. Answer: -improve care in clinical
setting
, -study ppl and nurse process: education, policy development, ethics,
nursing history
-develop greater autonomy and strength as a profession
-provide evidence-based nursing practice
◉ deductive reasoning. Answer: examines a general idea and then
considers specific actions or ideas
◉ inductive reasoning. Answer: one builds from specific ideas or
actions to conclusions about general ideas
◉ health. Answer: a state of complete physical, mental, and social
well-being, not merely the absence of disease or infirmity
◉ illness. Answer: the unique response of a person to a disease; an
abnormal process involving changed level of functioning
◉ wellness. Answer: an active state of being healthy by living a
lifestyle promoting good physical, mental, and emotional health
◉ nursing theory. Answer: differentiates nursing from other
disciplines and activities in that it serves the purposes of describing,
explaining, predicting, and controlling desired outcomes of nursing
care practices
COMPLETE NURSING FUNDAMENTALS
PATHOPHYSIOLOGY AND PRACTICE
QUESTIONS
◉ Interrelated roles of nurses. Answer: communicator, teacher,
counselor, leader, researcher, advocate, collaborator
◉ coping with disability and death. Answer: nurses use optimal
function of maximum strengths and potentials, refer to community
support systems; provide care to families and patients during end-
of-life care, hospice
◉ The Nursing Process. Answer: -one of major guidelines for
nursing practice
-helps nurses implement their roles
-integrates art and science of nursing
-allows nurses to use critical thinking and clinical reasoning
-defines the areas of care that are within the domain of nursing
◉ Nurse Practice Acts. Answer: -define legal scope of nursing
practice
,-create state board of nursing to make and enforce rules and
regulation
-define important terms and activities in nursing, including legal
requirements and titles for RNs and LPNs
- established criteria for the education and licensure of nurses
◉ 5 vital signs. Answer: respirations, pulse rate, blood pressure,
temperature, and pain
◉ Nursing is recognized as profession based on what criteria.
Answer: -well defined body specific and unique knowledge
-strong service orientation
-recognized authority by a professional group (ANA)
-code of ethics
-professional organization that sets standards
-ongoing research
-autonomy and self-regulation
◉ Florence Nightingale. Answer: defined nursing as both an art and
science, differentiated nursing from medicine, created freestanding
nursing education, published books; founder of modern nursing
,◉ Clara Barton. Answer: established red cross; volunteered to care
for wounds and feed union soldiers during civil war; served as
supervisor of nurses for the army of James
◉ sources of knowledge. Answer: -traditional ( passed down from
generation to generation)
-authoritative- comes from an expert, accepted as truth based on
person's perceived expertise
-scientific (obtained through the scientific method-research)
◉ objective. Answer: you can see the object
◉ subjective. Answer: coming from that subject
◉ types of knowledge. Answer: -science (observing, identifying,
describing, investigating, and explaining events and occurences that
are perceived in world)
-philosophy (the study of wisdom, fundamental knowledge, and the
processes used to develop and construct on perception on life)
-process (a series of actions, changes, or functions intended to bring
about a desired result)
◉ goals of nursing research. Answer: -improve care in clinical
setting
, -study ppl and nurse process: education, policy development, ethics,
nursing history
-develop greater autonomy and strength as a profession
-provide evidence-based nursing practice
◉ deductive reasoning. Answer: examines a general idea and then
considers specific actions or ideas
◉ inductive reasoning. Answer: one builds from specific ideas or
actions to conclusions about general ideas
◉ health. Answer: a state of complete physical, mental, and social
well-being, not merely the absence of disease or infirmity
◉ illness. Answer: the unique response of a person to a disease; an
abnormal process involving changed level of functioning
◉ wellness. Answer: an active state of being healthy by living a
lifestyle promoting good physical, mental, and emotional health
◉ nursing theory. Answer: differentiates nursing from other
disciplines and activities in that it serves the purposes of describing,
explaining, predicting, and controlling desired outcomes of nursing
care practices
