Nursing Research 1 Ultimate Exam
Question 1. What is the primary purpose of nursing research?
A) To develop new medications
B) To generate evidence for improving patient care
C) To increase hospital revenue
D) To train nurses in administrative tasks
Answer: B
Explanation: The main purpose of nursing research is to generate evidence that can improve patient
care, clinical practice, and health outcomes.
Question 2. Which philosopher is most associated with the development of the scientific method in
nursing research?
A) Immanuel Kant
B) Florence Nightingale
C) Francis Bacon
D) Aristotle
Answer: C
Explanation: Francis Bacon is credited with developing the empirical scientific method, which forms the
foundation of evidence-based research.
Question 3. Which of the following ways of knowing is based on tradition or cultural beliefs?
A) Empirical
B) Authority
C) Tradition
D) Intuition
Answer: C
Explanation: Tradition as a way of knowing relies on long-standing beliefs and cultural practices rather
than scientific evidence.
Question 4. What does the PICO framework stand for in formulating research questions?
A) Population, Intervention, Comparison, Outcome
, Nursing Research 1 Ultimate Exam
B) Problem, Intervention, Control, Observation
C) Population, Inquiry, Cause, Outcome
D) Patient, Investigation, Comparison, Objective
Answer: A
Explanation: PICO helps in constructing focused research questions by specifying the Population,
Intervention, Comparison, and Outcome.
Question 5. Which model of evidence-based practice emphasizes a step-by-step approach to integrating
research into practice?
A) Iowa Model
B) Stetler Model
C) ACE Star Model
D) All of the above
Answer: D
Explanation: All listed models (Iowa, Stetler, ACE Star) provide frameworks for implementing EBP
systematically.
Question 6. Who is considered the "mother of modern nursing research"?
A) Florence Nightingale
B) Clara Barton
C) Virginia Henderson
D) Mary Eliza Mahoney
Answer: A
Explanation: Florence Nightingale pioneered systematic data collection and analysis to improve
sanitation and patient outcomes, laying the foundation for nursing research.
Question 7. What is a key characteristic of a qualitative research design?
A) Quantifies variables for statistical analysis
B) Explores lived experiences and meanings
C) Uses control groups and randomization
, Nursing Research 1 Ultimate Exam
D) Tests hypotheses with numerical data
Answer: B
Explanation: Qualitative research focuses on understanding human experiences, perceptions, and
meanings.
Question 8. Which ethical principle requires researchers to maximize benefits and minimize harms?
A) Justice
B) Beneficence
C) Autonomy
D) Fidelity
Answer: B
Explanation: Beneficence obligates researchers to promote good and prevent harm to participants.
Question 9. What is the role of an Institutional Review Board (IRB)?
A) To fund research projects
B) To review research proposals for ethical compliance
C) To publish research findings
D) To train nurses in research methods
Answer: B
Explanation: The IRB reviews research proposals to ensure ethical standards are met and participants
are protected.
Question 10. Which sampling method randomly selects participants from the entire population?
A) Convenience sampling
B) Simple random sampling
C) Purposive sampling
D) Snowball sampling
Answer: B
Explanation: Simple random sampling gives every individual an equal chance of being selected, ensuring
representativeness.
, Nursing Research 1 Ultimate Exam
Question 11. Which type of research design is most appropriate for establishing cause-and-effect
relationships?
A) Descriptive study
B) Quasi-experimental study
C) Randomized controlled trial (RCT)
D) Phenomenology
Answer: C
Explanation: RCTs are the gold standard for determining causality due to randomization and control over
variables.
Question 12. Which statistical test is used to compare means between two groups?
A) Chi-square
B) t-test
C) ANOVA
D) Pearson’s r
Answer: B
Explanation: The t-test compares the means of two independent groups to see if they differ significantly.
Question 13. In qualitative research, what is "trustworthiness" analogous to in quantitative research?
A) Reliability and validity
B) Statistical significance
C) Randomization
D) Sample size
Answer: A
Explanation: Trustworthiness in qualitative research refers to credibility, dependability, confirmability,
and transferability, similar to reliability and validity.
Question 14. Which validity type assesses whether a measurement tool covers all aspects of the concept
being measured?
Question 1. What is the primary purpose of nursing research?
A) To develop new medications
B) To generate evidence for improving patient care
C) To increase hospital revenue
D) To train nurses in administrative tasks
Answer: B
Explanation: The main purpose of nursing research is to generate evidence that can improve patient
care, clinical practice, and health outcomes.
Question 2. Which philosopher is most associated with the development of the scientific method in
nursing research?
A) Immanuel Kant
B) Florence Nightingale
C) Francis Bacon
D) Aristotle
Answer: C
Explanation: Francis Bacon is credited with developing the empirical scientific method, which forms the
foundation of evidence-based research.
Question 3. Which of the following ways of knowing is based on tradition or cultural beliefs?
A) Empirical
B) Authority
C) Tradition
D) Intuition
Answer: C
Explanation: Tradition as a way of knowing relies on long-standing beliefs and cultural practices rather
than scientific evidence.
Question 4. What does the PICO framework stand for in formulating research questions?
A) Population, Intervention, Comparison, Outcome
, Nursing Research 1 Ultimate Exam
B) Problem, Intervention, Control, Observation
C) Population, Inquiry, Cause, Outcome
D) Patient, Investigation, Comparison, Objective
Answer: A
Explanation: PICO helps in constructing focused research questions by specifying the Population,
Intervention, Comparison, and Outcome.
Question 5. Which model of evidence-based practice emphasizes a step-by-step approach to integrating
research into practice?
A) Iowa Model
B) Stetler Model
C) ACE Star Model
D) All of the above
Answer: D
Explanation: All listed models (Iowa, Stetler, ACE Star) provide frameworks for implementing EBP
systematically.
Question 6. Who is considered the "mother of modern nursing research"?
A) Florence Nightingale
B) Clara Barton
C) Virginia Henderson
D) Mary Eliza Mahoney
Answer: A
Explanation: Florence Nightingale pioneered systematic data collection and analysis to improve
sanitation and patient outcomes, laying the foundation for nursing research.
Question 7. What is a key characteristic of a qualitative research design?
A) Quantifies variables for statistical analysis
B) Explores lived experiences and meanings
C) Uses control groups and randomization
, Nursing Research 1 Ultimate Exam
D) Tests hypotheses with numerical data
Answer: B
Explanation: Qualitative research focuses on understanding human experiences, perceptions, and
meanings.
Question 8. Which ethical principle requires researchers to maximize benefits and minimize harms?
A) Justice
B) Beneficence
C) Autonomy
D) Fidelity
Answer: B
Explanation: Beneficence obligates researchers to promote good and prevent harm to participants.
Question 9. What is the role of an Institutional Review Board (IRB)?
A) To fund research projects
B) To review research proposals for ethical compliance
C) To publish research findings
D) To train nurses in research methods
Answer: B
Explanation: The IRB reviews research proposals to ensure ethical standards are met and participants
are protected.
Question 10. Which sampling method randomly selects participants from the entire population?
A) Convenience sampling
B) Simple random sampling
C) Purposive sampling
D) Snowball sampling
Answer: B
Explanation: Simple random sampling gives every individual an equal chance of being selected, ensuring
representativeness.
, Nursing Research 1 Ultimate Exam
Question 11. Which type of research design is most appropriate for establishing cause-and-effect
relationships?
A) Descriptive study
B) Quasi-experimental study
C) Randomized controlled trial (RCT)
D) Phenomenology
Answer: C
Explanation: RCTs are the gold standard for determining causality due to randomization and control over
variables.
Question 12. Which statistical test is used to compare means between two groups?
A) Chi-square
B) t-test
C) ANOVA
D) Pearson’s r
Answer: B
Explanation: The t-test compares the means of two independent groups to see if they differ significantly.
Question 13. In qualitative research, what is "trustworthiness" analogous to in quantitative research?
A) Reliability and validity
B) Statistical significance
C) Randomization
D) Sample size
Answer: A
Explanation: Trustworthiness in qualitative research refers to credibility, dependability, confirmability,
and transferability, similar to reliability and validity.
Question 14. Which validity type assesses whether a measurement tool covers all aspects of the concept
being measured?
