BIOL 2160 FINAL EXAM PREPARATION
2026 ACCURATE QUESTIONS AND
ANSWERS
●● hypothetico-deductive method. Answer: positivist research design
based on the development and systematic testing of hypotheses
●● What is the importance of physiological variation among persons?.
Answer: Helps keep health, disease risk low, and proper responses to
treatments because it takes into consideration that what is normal for one
person may not be normal for another
●● What is homeostasis?. Answer: the ability to maintain a relatively
stable internal environment in an ever-changing outside world
●● Why is homeostasis important?. Answer: It keeps conditions such as
body temperature, blood pH, glucose levels, and oxygen levels within
safe limits so cells can function properly.
●● What is a negative feedback?. Answer: A control mechanism that
reverses a change to bring conditions back to normal. (Ex. Blood
temperature regulation)
, ●● What is the main way the body maintains homeostasis?. Answer:
negative feedback
●● What is positive feedback?. Answer: A mechanism that amplifies or
increases a change rather than reversing it. (Ex. Childbirth and blood
clotting)
●● What are some harmful examples of positive feedback?. Answer:
High fever and severe blood loss.
●● What are gradients?. Answer: a difference in chemical concentration,
charge, temperature, or pressure between two points.
●● Concentration gradient. Answer: A difference in the concentration of
a substance across a distance.
●● electrical gradient. Answer: difference in electrical charges between
the inside and outside of the cell
●● pressure gradient. Answer: the amount of pressure change occurring
over a given distance
●● Thermal gradient. Answer: spontaneous flow of heat from warmer to
cooler bodies
2026 ACCURATE QUESTIONS AND
ANSWERS
●● hypothetico-deductive method. Answer: positivist research design
based on the development and systematic testing of hypotheses
●● What is the importance of physiological variation among persons?.
Answer: Helps keep health, disease risk low, and proper responses to
treatments because it takes into consideration that what is normal for one
person may not be normal for another
●● What is homeostasis?. Answer: the ability to maintain a relatively
stable internal environment in an ever-changing outside world
●● Why is homeostasis important?. Answer: It keeps conditions such as
body temperature, blood pH, glucose levels, and oxygen levels within
safe limits so cells can function properly.
●● What is a negative feedback?. Answer: A control mechanism that
reverses a change to bring conditions back to normal. (Ex. Blood
temperature regulation)
, ●● What is the main way the body maintains homeostasis?. Answer:
negative feedback
●● What is positive feedback?. Answer: A mechanism that amplifies or
increases a change rather than reversing it. (Ex. Childbirth and blood
clotting)
●● What are some harmful examples of positive feedback?. Answer:
High fever and severe blood loss.
●● What are gradients?. Answer: a difference in chemical concentration,
charge, temperature, or pressure between two points.
●● Concentration gradient. Answer: A difference in the concentration of
a substance across a distance.
●● electrical gradient. Answer: difference in electrical charges between
the inside and outside of the cell
●● pressure gradient. Answer: the amount of pressure change occurring
over a given distance
●● Thermal gradient. Answer: spontaneous flow of heat from warmer to
cooler bodies
