C207 WGU
Objective Assessment Study Notes
# Term Definition
1 Valid Data Data resulting from a test that accurately
measures what it is intended to measure
2 Nominal Data Sometimes called categorical data or qualitative
data, this data type is used to label subjects or
data by name
3 Triple-Blind Study A Study performed where neither the treatment
allocator nor the participant nor the response
gatherer knows which group the participant is
in.
4 Omission Error An error because something (for example, data
or survey response) is missing.
5 Benchmarks Standards or points of reference for an industry
or sector that can be used for comparison and
evaluation.
6 Blind Study A study performed where the participants are
not told if they are in the treatment group or
control group
7 Discrete Data Data that can only take on whole values and has
clear boundaries
8 Systematic Errors Errors in measurement that are constant within
a data set sometimes caused by faulty
equipment or bias
9 Double-Blind Study A study performed where neither the treatment
allocator nor the participant knows which group
the participant is in.
10 Continuous Data Data that can lay along any point in a range of
data
11 Analytics The discovery, analysis, and communication of
meaningful patterns in data
,C207 WGU
# Term Definition
12 Random Errors Errors in measurement caused by unpredictable
statistical fluctuations
13 Interval Data Data that is ordered within a range and with
each data point being an equal interval apart
14 Davenport-Kim Three-Stage A decision-making model that consists of three
Model stages: framing the problem, solving the
problem, and communicating results
15 Reliable Data Data that is consistent and repeatable
16 Information Bias A prejudice in the data that results when either
the respondent or the interviewer has an
agenda and is not presenting impartial
questions or responding with truly honest
responses, respectively
17 Statistics The science that deals with the interpretation of
numerical facts or data through theories of
probability. Also, the numerical facts or data
themselves.
18 Ordinal Data Data that places data objects into an order
according to some quality with higher order
indicating more of that quality
19 Measurement Bias A prejudice in the data that results when the
sample is not representative of the population
being tested.
20 Data Management The management, including cleaning and
storage, of collected data.
21 Relational Database A database structured to recognize relations
among stored items of information.
22 Big Data A catch-phrase that describes a massive volume
of data that is so large that it's difficult to
process using traditional database and software
techniques.
,C207 WGU
# Term Definition
23 Ratio Data Similar to interval data in that the data that is
ordered within a range and with each data point
being an equal interval apart, also has a natural
zero point which indicates non of the given
quality.
24 Data Set A collection of related data records on a storage
device.
25 Gold, Silver, and Bronze Medal in Ordinal Data
the Olympics is an example of:
26 Aspects of data quality It reduces the amount of incomplete data & It
management: cleans data
27 These attributes indicate Missing data & Misspelled data
potential data quality issues
when evaluating a set of nominal
data:
28 The procedure of calibrating a Systemic Error
weight scale prior to getting a
person's weight reduces what
type of error?
29 Missing values in a particular Systemic Error & Omission Error
field in a dataset were observed,
the likelihood of a record having
a missing value is correlated to
another variable in the dataset.
What two types of errors might
be introduced into the dataset if
the removed record included
missing values:
30 What two decision considerations Decisions reduce external bias & Decisions
describe fact-bases decision foster trust in plans
making, according to the quality
management principles:
, C207 WGU
# Term Definition
31 A county government must Benchmarking like strategies of successful
reduce spending. It wishes to counties
eliminate incremental budgeting
and align budget allocations with
each of its units’ strategic
business objectives. The county
can apply what data analytic
approach to attain this goal:
32 Sampling with replacement When a piece of the population can be selected
more than once
33 Hypothesis A proposed explanation used as a starting point
for future examination
34 Lower control limit The minimum value of a control chart that a
process should not exceed
35 Probability distributions A set of probabilities that are attached to the
different possible outcomes in a survey,
experiment, or procedure
36 Line graph A graph that illustrates relationships between
two changing variables with a line or curve that
connects a series of successive data points
37 Parametric test A test that assumes there is a structure (maybe
a normal distribution) to the populations, often
appearing when mean or standard deviation
are important.
38 Probability density function Often used to represent probabilities of
continuous data, a probability density function
(pdf) gives the probability that a continuous
random variable is equal to the area below it.
39 Standard deviation The square root of the variance, a measure of
how spread out the numbers are
40 Mutually exclusive events When two or more events are not able to occur
at the same time
Objective Assessment Study Notes
# Term Definition
1 Valid Data Data resulting from a test that accurately
measures what it is intended to measure
2 Nominal Data Sometimes called categorical data or qualitative
data, this data type is used to label subjects or
data by name
3 Triple-Blind Study A Study performed where neither the treatment
allocator nor the participant nor the response
gatherer knows which group the participant is
in.
4 Omission Error An error because something (for example, data
or survey response) is missing.
5 Benchmarks Standards or points of reference for an industry
or sector that can be used for comparison and
evaluation.
6 Blind Study A study performed where the participants are
not told if they are in the treatment group or
control group
7 Discrete Data Data that can only take on whole values and has
clear boundaries
8 Systematic Errors Errors in measurement that are constant within
a data set sometimes caused by faulty
equipment or bias
9 Double-Blind Study A study performed where neither the treatment
allocator nor the participant knows which group
the participant is in.
10 Continuous Data Data that can lay along any point in a range of
data
11 Analytics The discovery, analysis, and communication of
meaningful patterns in data
,C207 WGU
# Term Definition
12 Random Errors Errors in measurement caused by unpredictable
statistical fluctuations
13 Interval Data Data that is ordered within a range and with
each data point being an equal interval apart
14 Davenport-Kim Three-Stage A decision-making model that consists of three
Model stages: framing the problem, solving the
problem, and communicating results
15 Reliable Data Data that is consistent and repeatable
16 Information Bias A prejudice in the data that results when either
the respondent or the interviewer has an
agenda and is not presenting impartial
questions or responding with truly honest
responses, respectively
17 Statistics The science that deals with the interpretation of
numerical facts or data through theories of
probability. Also, the numerical facts or data
themselves.
18 Ordinal Data Data that places data objects into an order
according to some quality with higher order
indicating more of that quality
19 Measurement Bias A prejudice in the data that results when the
sample is not representative of the population
being tested.
20 Data Management The management, including cleaning and
storage, of collected data.
21 Relational Database A database structured to recognize relations
among stored items of information.
22 Big Data A catch-phrase that describes a massive volume
of data that is so large that it's difficult to
process using traditional database and software
techniques.
,C207 WGU
# Term Definition
23 Ratio Data Similar to interval data in that the data that is
ordered within a range and with each data point
being an equal interval apart, also has a natural
zero point which indicates non of the given
quality.
24 Data Set A collection of related data records on a storage
device.
25 Gold, Silver, and Bronze Medal in Ordinal Data
the Olympics is an example of:
26 Aspects of data quality It reduces the amount of incomplete data & It
management: cleans data
27 These attributes indicate Missing data & Misspelled data
potential data quality issues
when evaluating a set of nominal
data:
28 The procedure of calibrating a Systemic Error
weight scale prior to getting a
person's weight reduces what
type of error?
29 Missing values in a particular Systemic Error & Omission Error
field in a dataset were observed,
the likelihood of a record having
a missing value is correlated to
another variable in the dataset.
What two types of errors might
be introduced into the dataset if
the removed record included
missing values:
30 What two decision considerations Decisions reduce external bias & Decisions
describe fact-bases decision foster trust in plans
making, according to the quality
management principles:
, C207 WGU
# Term Definition
31 A county government must Benchmarking like strategies of successful
reduce spending. It wishes to counties
eliminate incremental budgeting
and align budget allocations with
each of its units’ strategic
business objectives. The county
can apply what data analytic
approach to attain this goal:
32 Sampling with replacement When a piece of the population can be selected
more than once
33 Hypothesis A proposed explanation used as a starting point
for future examination
34 Lower control limit The minimum value of a control chart that a
process should not exceed
35 Probability distributions A set of probabilities that are attached to the
different possible outcomes in a survey,
experiment, or procedure
36 Line graph A graph that illustrates relationships between
two changing variables with a line or curve that
connects a series of successive data points
37 Parametric test A test that assumes there is a structure (maybe
a normal distribution) to the populations, often
appearing when mean or standard deviation
are important.
38 Probability density function Often used to represent probabilities of
continuous data, a probability density function
(pdf) gives the probability that a continuous
random variable is equal to the area below it.
39 Standard deviation The square root of the variance, a measure of
how spread out the numbers are
40 Mutually exclusive events When two or more events are not able to occur
at the same time
