PAD 4833 Test 1 UPDATED ACTUAL Questions
and CORRECT Answers
International Humanitarian Response - CORRECT ANSWER -Three types of emergencies that normally involve
international humanitarian response:
- Natural disasters
- Technological disasters
- Complex humanitarian emergencies (CHEs)
CHEs Complex Humanitarian Emergencies: - CORRECT ANSWER -"humanitarian crisis in a country or region
where there is total or considerable breakdown of authority resulting from the internal and/or external conflict and which
requires an international response that goes beyond the mandate or capacity of an single agency
Complex Humanitarian Emergencies - CORRECT ANSWER -Five characteristics (USAID Director)
1) Civil conflict, rooted in traditional ethnic, tribal, and religious animosities (often atrocities)
2) Deteriorated authority of the national government, decline in public services/control
3) Mass movements of personnel to escape conflict or search for food
4) Hyperinflation, devaluation of the currency, widespread un-employment
5) General decline in food security, widespread malnutrition
Hazards and Humanitarian Aid: Hazards of international concern - CORRECT ANSWER -1) Sudden onset
(geological and climatic)
- Earthquakes, tsunamis, floods, cyclones, volcanic eruptions, landslides
2) Slow onset (environmental)
- Environmental degradation, desertification, deforestation, pest infestation
3)Industrial/technological
- System failures accidents, fires, spillages, explosions
4) Wars and civil strife
- Create displaced persons
- Refugees
5) Epidemics
Hazards Interface - CORRECT ANSWER -From international standpoint can see disaster as the interface between
hazards and vulnerable conditions
- The progression of vulnerability based on...
-Underlying causes
- Dynamic Pressures
-Unsafe Conditions
- Trigger Events
Underlying Causes - CORRECT ANSWER -1) Poverty
2) Limited Access to
- Power structures
- Resources
4) Ideologies
5) Economic systems
6) General pre-conditioning factors
Poor countries disproportionately affected by disaster casualties - CORRECT ANSWER -
Dynamic pressure - CORRECT ANSWER -1) Lack of
Local institutions
Education
Training
Appropriate skills
Local investment
Local markets
Press freedom
,2) Macro-forces
Population expansion
Urbanization
Environmental degradation
Unsafe Conditions: - CORRECT ANSWER -1) Fragile Physical environment
- Dangerous locations
- Dangerous buildings and infrastructure
2) Fragile Local Economy
- Livelihoods at risk
- Low Income levels
Trigger event - CORRECT ANSWER -Earthquake
High winds
Flooding
Volcanic eruption
Landslide
Drought
War, civil conflict
Technological accident
Displaced persons - CORRECT ANSWER -People who are:
1) Forced to leave their homes as a result of a disaster, usually in search of food
2) Non-combatants forced to leave their homes because of consequences of conflict
3) Forcibly resettled by their government if the resettlement is ethnically, tribally or racially motivated
4) Expelled from a country for political or economic reasons
Reasons for Concern
1) Ineligible to receive refugee relief and assistance
2) Often insecure about relying on their government for protection
3) Limited in seeking international assistance due to obstacles involving national sovereignty
Development - CORRECT ANSWER -The gradual improvement of a nation's infrastructure, access to services,
institutions, public health, foreign debt, and many other development indicators
Disasters damage economies because of - CORRECT ANSWER -1) Mitigations costs
2) Damage and destruction of infrastructure
3) Clean up costs
4) Disruption in social and other services
5) Destruction of live and livelihoods
6) Mounting debts
Financial Consequences - CORRECT ANSWER -1) Increased national and private debt
2) Reduced public funding to meet regular fiscal (budgetary) needs
3) Loss of economic engines (products and services) that support income and tax bases
Disasters and development - CORRECT ANSWER -1) Negative
- Development can increase vulnerability
- Disasters can set back development
Loss of resources
Interruption of programs
Negative impact on investment climate
Disruption of the non-formal sector
Political destabilization
2) Positive
- Development can reduce vulnerability
- Disasters can provide development opportunities
Disaster Effect in Poor Countires - CORRECT ANSWER -- Development stunted, erased, or reversed
, - GDP diverted
- Vital infrastructure damaged or destroyed
- Schools damaged or destroyed
- Hospitals and clinics damaged or destroyed
- Businesses destroyed
- Residents forced/impelled to leave
- Rapid upsurge in crime and insecurity
- Hopelessness
Development policies - CORRECT ANSWER -1) Prospective disaster risk management:
- integrates hazards and risk management practice into new development that is occurring or that will occur in the future
2) Compensatory disaster risk management:
- reduces existing risk and addresses the causes of vulnerability
- Compensatory policies reduce risk that already exists, while prospective policy is the medium- to long-term solution to
breaking the cycle of disasters and stalled development
Exposure - CORRECT ANSWER -1) A measure of the land areas and populations that are affected by hazards and
their impacts
2) Tells what hazards are likely to occur in a given place, but not what will happen when the event actually occurs
How disasters affect development - CORRECT ANSWER -1) Disasters limit Economic Development
2) Disasters limit social development
How development affects disasters - CORRECT ANSWER -1) Economic Development Increases Disaster Risk
2) Social Development Increases Disaster Risk
3) Economic Development Reduces Disaster Risk
4) Social Development Reduces Disaster Risk
Drivers for development - CORRECT ANSWER -- The generation of wealth, which can raise the basic level of
human development.
- The distribution of wealth, which can enable even the poorest to overcome human vulnerability.
- The externalities of wealth creation (waste, pollution, destruction of environments or human culture), which need to be
controlled to prevent the loss of the fundamental assets on which human life depends and gains meaning.
Guatelmala case study Geography and natural Hazards profile - CORRECT ANSWER -1) Situated in Central
America
2) 42,042 square miles (slightly smaller than TN)
3) 2/3 mountainous and volcanic
4) Geologically active
5) Most people reside in mountainous regions
6) Population increase caused deforestation, soil erosion, loss of biodiversity and pollution
7) Volcanic eruptions and earthquakes plague the country
8) Guatemala is particularly vulnerable to the threat of hurricanes and tropical storms from both the east and west, and
flooding, and the associated mud- and landslide hazard risk, occur during each May-to-November rainy season
Guatemala case study: Sociology - CORRECT ANSWER -- Violent and underdeveloped
- Poverty rampant and security virtually nonexistent
- Illiteracy, infant mortality and malnutrition rates among the highest in the region
- Life expectancy age 65, among the lowest in Latin America
- Rural poor dependent on cash crops and lacked many of the basic life needs
- Infrastructure vulnerable
- A persistent cycle of poverty, isolation, manipulation and destruction
Guatemala case study: Hurricane Mitch - CORRECT ANSWER -- 4th most powerful Caribbean hurricane 1900-
2000
- Most devastating in Central America in 200 years
- Originated in the waters of South America
- Category V, with peak winds of at least 155 mph
- October 27, made landfall with a 20-foot storm surge
and CORRECT Answers
International Humanitarian Response - CORRECT ANSWER -Three types of emergencies that normally involve
international humanitarian response:
- Natural disasters
- Technological disasters
- Complex humanitarian emergencies (CHEs)
CHEs Complex Humanitarian Emergencies: - CORRECT ANSWER -"humanitarian crisis in a country or region
where there is total or considerable breakdown of authority resulting from the internal and/or external conflict and which
requires an international response that goes beyond the mandate or capacity of an single agency
Complex Humanitarian Emergencies - CORRECT ANSWER -Five characteristics (USAID Director)
1) Civil conflict, rooted in traditional ethnic, tribal, and religious animosities (often atrocities)
2) Deteriorated authority of the national government, decline in public services/control
3) Mass movements of personnel to escape conflict or search for food
4) Hyperinflation, devaluation of the currency, widespread un-employment
5) General decline in food security, widespread malnutrition
Hazards and Humanitarian Aid: Hazards of international concern - CORRECT ANSWER -1) Sudden onset
(geological and climatic)
- Earthquakes, tsunamis, floods, cyclones, volcanic eruptions, landslides
2) Slow onset (environmental)
- Environmental degradation, desertification, deforestation, pest infestation
3)Industrial/technological
- System failures accidents, fires, spillages, explosions
4) Wars and civil strife
- Create displaced persons
- Refugees
5) Epidemics
Hazards Interface - CORRECT ANSWER -From international standpoint can see disaster as the interface between
hazards and vulnerable conditions
- The progression of vulnerability based on...
-Underlying causes
- Dynamic Pressures
-Unsafe Conditions
- Trigger Events
Underlying Causes - CORRECT ANSWER -1) Poverty
2) Limited Access to
- Power structures
- Resources
4) Ideologies
5) Economic systems
6) General pre-conditioning factors
Poor countries disproportionately affected by disaster casualties - CORRECT ANSWER -
Dynamic pressure - CORRECT ANSWER -1) Lack of
Local institutions
Education
Training
Appropriate skills
Local investment
Local markets
Press freedom
,2) Macro-forces
Population expansion
Urbanization
Environmental degradation
Unsafe Conditions: - CORRECT ANSWER -1) Fragile Physical environment
- Dangerous locations
- Dangerous buildings and infrastructure
2) Fragile Local Economy
- Livelihoods at risk
- Low Income levels
Trigger event - CORRECT ANSWER -Earthquake
High winds
Flooding
Volcanic eruption
Landslide
Drought
War, civil conflict
Technological accident
Displaced persons - CORRECT ANSWER -People who are:
1) Forced to leave their homes as a result of a disaster, usually in search of food
2) Non-combatants forced to leave their homes because of consequences of conflict
3) Forcibly resettled by their government if the resettlement is ethnically, tribally or racially motivated
4) Expelled from a country for political or economic reasons
Reasons for Concern
1) Ineligible to receive refugee relief and assistance
2) Often insecure about relying on their government for protection
3) Limited in seeking international assistance due to obstacles involving national sovereignty
Development - CORRECT ANSWER -The gradual improvement of a nation's infrastructure, access to services,
institutions, public health, foreign debt, and many other development indicators
Disasters damage economies because of - CORRECT ANSWER -1) Mitigations costs
2) Damage and destruction of infrastructure
3) Clean up costs
4) Disruption in social and other services
5) Destruction of live and livelihoods
6) Mounting debts
Financial Consequences - CORRECT ANSWER -1) Increased national and private debt
2) Reduced public funding to meet regular fiscal (budgetary) needs
3) Loss of economic engines (products and services) that support income and tax bases
Disasters and development - CORRECT ANSWER -1) Negative
- Development can increase vulnerability
- Disasters can set back development
Loss of resources
Interruption of programs
Negative impact on investment climate
Disruption of the non-formal sector
Political destabilization
2) Positive
- Development can reduce vulnerability
- Disasters can provide development opportunities
Disaster Effect in Poor Countires - CORRECT ANSWER -- Development stunted, erased, or reversed
, - GDP diverted
- Vital infrastructure damaged or destroyed
- Schools damaged or destroyed
- Hospitals and clinics damaged or destroyed
- Businesses destroyed
- Residents forced/impelled to leave
- Rapid upsurge in crime and insecurity
- Hopelessness
Development policies - CORRECT ANSWER -1) Prospective disaster risk management:
- integrates hazards and risk management practice into new development that is occurring or that will occur in the future
2) Compensatory disaster risk management:
- reduces existing risk and addresses the causes of vulnerability
- Compensatory policies reduce risk that already exists, while prospective policy is the medium- to long-term solution to
breaking the cycle of disasters and stalled development
Exposure - CORRECT ANSWER -1) A measure of the land areas and populations that are affected by hazards and
their impacts
2) Tells what hazards are likely to occur in a given place, but not what will happen when the event actually occurs
How disasters affect development - CORRECT ANSWER -1) Disasters limit Economic Development
2) Disasters limit social development
How development affects disasters - CORRECT ANSWER -1) Economic Development Increases Disaster Risk
2) Social Development Increases Disaster Risk
3) Economic Development Reduces Disaster Risk
4) Social Development Reduces Disaster Risk
Drivers for development - CORRECT ANSWER -- The generation of wealth, which can raise the basic level of
human development.
- The distribution of wealth, which can enable even the poorest to overcome human vulnerability.
- The externalities of wealth creation (waste, pollution, destruction of environments or human culture), which need to be
controlled to prevent the loss of the fundamental assets on which human life depends and gains meaning.
Guatelmala case study Geography and natural Hazards profile - CORRECT ANSWER -1) Situated in Central
America
2) 42,042 square miles (slightly smaller than TN)
3) 2/3 mountainous and volcanic
4) Geologically active
5) Most people reside in mountainous regions
6) Population increase caused deforestation, soil erosion, loss of biodiversity and pollution
7) Volcanic eruptions and earthquakes plague the country
8) Guatemala is particularly vulnerable to the threat of hurricanes and tropical storms from both the east and west, and
flooding, and the associated mud- and landslide hazard risk, occur during each May-to-November rainy season
Guatemala case study: Sociology - CORRECT ANSWER -- Violent and underdeveloped
- Poverty rampant and security virtually nonexistent
- Illiteracy, infant mortality and malnutrition rates among the highest in the region
- Life expectancy age 65, among the lowest in Latin America
- Rural poor dependent on cash crops and lacked many of the basic life needs
- Infrastructure vulnerable
- A persistent cycle of poverty, isolation, manipulation and destruction
Guatemala case study: Hurricane Mitch - CORRECT ANSWER -- 4th most powerful Caribbean hurricane 1900-
2000
- Most devastating in Central America in 200 years
- Originated in the waters of South America
- Category V, with peak winds of at least 155 mph
- October 27, made landfall with a 20-foot storm surge
