PATHO FINAL- Immune, Neuro, Hematology/Oncology,
Endocrine, Shock, Physiologic Aging UPDATED
ACTUAL Questions and CORRECT Answers
two layers of defense 1. innate immunity
2. adaptive immunity
innate immunity - non specific/broad
- responds within minutes- hours
- no memory formed
- 1st line: skin, mucus, cilia
- 2nd line: inflammation, phagocytes, fever, NK cells, complement
- present from birth
FAST INNATE
- first responder
- always on
- skin and mucus
- temporal (quick)
adaptive immunity - specific/targeted
- responds in days-weeks
- immunological memory formed
- T cells (cell-mediated)
- B cells - antibody production
- develops over lifetime
SMART ADAPTIVE
- specific
- memory-forming
- antibody-drive
- reactive
- T-cell based
, Key immune cells at a glance - neutrophils
- natural killer cells
- cytotoxic T cells
- Basophils/Mast cells
- macrophages
- helper T cells
- B cells - Plasma Cells
- dendritic cells
5 Immunoglobulin Classes - GAMDE IgG
IgA
IgM
IgD
IgE
IgG - located in blood, tissue
- secondary response, crosses placenta
- maternal immunity to newborn, elevated in chronic infections
MOST OF IG
IgA - located in secretions (saliva, tears, breast milk)
- protects mucosal surfaces
- deficiency - recurrent respiratory/GI infections
IgM - located in blood
- primary immune response, ABO blood typing
- first Ig elevated in acute infection, pentamer structure
IgD - located in B cell surface
- B cell activation/antigen receptor
- largely a B cell receptor, less clinical significance
IgE - located in mast cells or basophils
- allergic reactions, parasites
- elevated in allergies and asthma, triggers in anaphylaxis
- LEAST OF IG
T1 Hypersensitivity IgE-mediated
- IMMEDIATE
IgE on mast cells, causes histamine release
ie. anaphylaxis, asthma, hay fever, bee sting
Endocrine, Shock, Physiologic Aging UPDATED
ACTUAL Questions and CORRECT Answers
two layers of defense 1. innate immunity
2. adaptive immunity
innate immunity - non specific/broad
- responds within minutes- hours
- no memory formed
- 1st line: skin, mucus, cilia
- 2nd line: inflammation, phagocytes, fever, NK cells, complement
- present from birth
FAST INNATE
- first responder
- always on
- skin and mucus
- temporal (quick)
adaptive immunity - specific/targeted
- responds in days-weeks
- immunological memory formed
- T cells (cell-mediated)
- B cells - antibody production
- develops over lifetime
SMART ADAPTIVE
- specific
- memory-forming
- antibody-drive
- reactive
- T-cell based
, Key immune cells at a glance - neutrophils
- natural killer cells
- cytotoxic T cells
- Basophils/Mast cells
- macrophages
- helper T cells
- B cells - Plasma Cells
- dendritic cells
5 Immunoglobulin Classes - GAMDE IgG
IgA
IgM
IgD
IgE
IgG - located in blood, tissue
- secondary response, crosses placenta
- maternal immunity to newborn, elevated in chronic infections
MOST OF IG
IgA - located in secretions (saliva, tears, breast milk)
- protects mucosal surfaces
- deficiency - recurrent respiratory/GI infections
IgM - located in blood
- primary immune response, ABO blood typing
- first Ig elevated in acute infection, pentamer structure
IgD - located in B cell surface
- B cell activation/antigen receptor
- largely a B cell receptor, less clinical significance
IgE - located in mast cells or basophils
- allergic reactions, parasites
- elevated in allergies and asthma, triggers in anaphylaxis
- LEAST OF IG
T1 Hypersensitivity IgE-mediated
- IMMEDIATE
IgE on mast cells, causes histamine release
ie. anaphylaxis, asthma, hay fever, bee sting
