2026 ATI PEDIATRICS PROCTORED EXAM | ALL QUESTIONS AND CORRECT ANSWERS |
ALREADY GRADED A+ | LATEST VERSION (JUST RELEASED)
Question 1
A nurse is providing education to a new mother regarding contraindications to breastfeeding.
Which of the following conditions should the nurse identify as a metabolic disorder that strictly
contraindicates breastfeeding?
A) Hyperbilirubinemia
B) Glycogen storage disease
C) Hypothyroidism
D) Galactosemia
E) Phenylketonuria (PKU) with low-protein supplementation
Correct Answer: D) Galactosemia
Rationale: Galactosemia is a rare genetic metabolic disorder where the body is unable to
metabolize galactose, a sugar found in milk. Because breast milk contains lactose (which
breaks down into galactose), ingestion can lead to organ failure, brain damage, and death.
Unlike hyperbilirubinemia or hypothyroidism, galactosemia requires the complete
elimination of lactose and galactose from the diet, making breastfeeding contraindicated.
Question 2
A school nurse is caring for a child experiencing an active nosebleed (epistaxis). Which of the
following actions should the nurse take?
A) Tilt the child’s head back to prevent blood from dripping.
B) Apply hot compresses to the bridge of the nose.
C) Apply continuous pressure to the lower portion of the nose for 10 minutes.
D) Instruct the child to lie down in a supine position.
E) Ask the child to blow their nose firmly to clear clots.
Correct Answer: C) Apply continuous pressure to nose for 10 minutes.
Rationale: To manage epistaxis, the nurse should have the child sit up and lean forward to
prevent aspiration of blood. Continuous pressure should be applied to the soft part of the
nose (nasal bridge) for at least 10 minutes to allow a clot to form. Tilting the head back is
contraindicated as it can cause the child to swallow blood, leading to nausea or aspiration.
Question 3
A nurse is assessing a toddler who has a history of chronic otitis media. The nurse should
monitor the child for which of the following potential complications?
A) Permanent visual impairment
B) Delays in speech pattern development
C) Increased risk for sebaceous cysts
D) Immediate loss of gross motor function
E) Accelerated cognitive processing
Correct Answer: B) Risks delays in speech pattern development.
Rationale: Chronic otitis media involves recurrent inflammation and fluid accumulation in
, 2
the middle ear, which can lead to conductive hearing loss. During the critical years of
language acquisition, impaired hearing can significantly hinder the child's ability to
process sounds and imitate speech, resulting in developmental delays in speech and
language.
Question 4
A nurse is developing a plan of care for a toddler who has cerebral palsy and experiences
difficulty swallowing. Which of the following interventions should the nurse include to assist
with feeding?
A) Place the child in a reclining position during meals.
B) Use manual jaw control when feeding the toddler.
C) Discourage the use of thickened liquids.
D) Feed the child quickly to prevent fatigue.
E) Use a straw for all liquid intake.
Correct Answer: B) Use manual jaw control when feeding toddlers.
Rationale: Children with cerebral palsy often have oral-motor dysfunction, including poor
control of the jaw, tongue, and lips. Providing manual jaw control (supporting the jaw from
the front or side) helps stabilize the mouth, facilitates better chewing, and promotes safer
swallowing, thereby reducing the risk of aspiration.
Question 5
According to Erikson’s stages of psychosocial development, which of the following tasks should
the nurse expect a school-age child to master?
A) Trust vs. Mistrust
B) Autonomy vs. Shame and Doubt
C) Initiative vs. Guilt
D) Industry vs. Inferiority
E) Identity vs. Role Confusion
Correct Answer: D) School-age children master industry vs inferiority.
Rationale: The school-age child (approximately 6 to 12 years) is in the stage of Industry vs.
Inferiority. During this time, children focus on mastering new skills, succeeding in school,
and participating in activities. Success leads to a sense of competence (industry), while
repeated failure or lack of support can lead to a sense of inadequacy (inferiority).
Question 6
A nurse is teaching the parent of a female child about preventing recurrent urinary tract
infections (UTIs). Which of the following instructions should the nurse include?
A) Encourage the child to hold urine as long as possible.
B) Teach the child to wipe from back to front after voiding.
C) Administer bubble baths daily to ensure cleanliness.
D) Teach the child to wipe from front to back.
, 3
E) Limit fluid intake to reduce the frequency of urination.
Correct Answer: D) Teach child to wipe from front to back.
Rationale: The female urethra is short and located close to the anus. Wiping from front to
back (away from the urethra) prevents the introduction of E. coli and other fecal bacteria
into the urinary tract. Bubble baths should be avoided as they can irritate the urethra and
increase infection risk.
Question 7
A nurse is performing a developmental screening on a 4-year-old child. Which of the following
gross motor skills should the nurse expect the child to demonstrate?
A) Skipping on alternating feet
B) Hopping on one foot
C) Walking downstairs with alternating feet
D) Jumping rope
E) Roller skating
Correct Answer: B) 4-year-olds should be able to hop on one foot.
Rationale: By age 4, children have developed the balance and coordination necessary to hop
on one foot. Other milestones for this age include throwing a ball overhand and catching a
bounced ball. Skipping on alternating feet is typically a 5-year-old milestone.
Question 8
A nurse is providing discharge instructions to the parents of an infant who has developmental
dysplasia of the hip and is wearing a Pavlik harness. Which of the following should the nurse
include in the teaching?
A) Adjust the harness straps every 2 hours.
B) Avoid touching the skin under the straps.
C) Massage the baby under the straps once daily.
D) Remove the harness during every diaper change.
E) Apply lotion or powder under the straps to prevent friction.
Correct Answer: C) Massage baby under the straps once daily.
Rationale: Skin care is a priority for an infant in a Pavlik harness. Parents should be taught
to check the skin for redness or irritation and to gently massage the skin under the straps
once a day to stimulate circulation. Lotions and powders should be avoided as they can
cause moisture buildup and skin breakdown.
Question 9
A nurse is assessing an infant who has sudden-onset abdominal pain, "currant jelly" stools, and a
sausage-shaped mass in the upper right quadrant. Which of the following conditions should the
nurse suspect?
A) Hypertrophic pyloric stenosis
B) Hirschsprung’s disease
, 4
C) Meckel’s diverticulum
D) Intussusception
E) Appendicitis
Correct Answer: D) Requires immediate medical intervention for the infant.
Rationale: Intussusception occurs when one portion of the intestine telescopes into another.
This is a medical emergency because it can lead to bowel obstruction, ischemia, and
perforation. The classic signs include intermittent colicky pain and stools mixed with blood
and mucus (currant jelly). Immediate intervention (often an air or barium enema) is
required.
Question 10
A nurse is reviewing a list of neonatal conditions to determine if breastfeeding is appropriate.
Which of the following conditions is NOT a contraindication for breastfeeding?
A) Galactosemia
B) Hyperbilirubinemia
C) Maternal HIV (in developed countries)
D) Maternal illicit drug use
E) Maternal untreated active tuberculosis
Correct Answer: B) Condition not a contraindication for breastfeeding.
Rationale: Hyperbilirubinemia (jaundice) is not a contraindication for breastfeeding. In
fact, frequent breastfeeding (8–12 times a day) is encouraged because it promotes bowel
movements, which helps the infant excrete bilirubin. Galactosemia, however, is a strict
contraindication.
Question 11
Which of the following conditions allows a mother to continue breastfeeding her infant safely?
A) Galactosemia
B) Glycogen Storage Disease
C) Active maternal drug abuse
D) Maternal chemotherapy
E) Untreated T-cell lymphotropic virus
Correct Answer: B) Another condition not contraindicating breastfeeding.
Rationale: Glycogen storage disease does not typically require the cessation of
breastfeeding, though the infant's diet may need to be managed with supplemental
cornstarch or specific formulas later. Unlike Galactosemia, the infant can still process the
sugars in breast milk.
Question 12
A nurse is caring for an infant diagnosed with congenital hypothyroidism. How should the nurse
advise the mother regarding feeding?
A) Breastfeeding is strictly contraindicated.
ALREADY GRADED A+ | LATEST VERSION (JUST RELEASED)
Question 1
A nurse is providing education to a new mother regarding contraindications to breastfeeding.
Which of the following conditions should the nurse identify as a metabolic disorder that strictly
contraindicates breastfeeding?
A) Hyperbilirubinemia
B) Glycogen storage disease
C) Hypothyroidism
D) Galactosemia
E) Phenylketonuria (PKU) with low-protein supplementation
Correct Answer: D) Galactosemia
Rationale: Galactosemia is a rare genetic metabolic disorder where the body is unable to
metabolize galactose, a sugar found in milk. Because breast milk contains lactose (which
breaks down into galactose), ingestion can lead to organ failure, brain damage, and death.
Unlike hyperbilirubinemia or hypothyroidism, galactosemia requires the complete
elimination of lactose and galactose from the diet, making breastfeeding contraindicated.
Question 2
A school nurse is caring for a child experiencing an active nosebleed (epistaxis). Which of the
following actions should the nurse take?
A) Tilt the child’s head back to prevent blood from dripping.
B) Apply hot compresses to the bridge of the nose.
C) Apply continuous pressure to the lower portion of the nose for 10 minutes.
D) Instruct the child to lie down in a supine position.
E) Ask the child to blow their nose firmly to clear clots.
Correct Answer: C) Apply continuous pressure to nose for 10 minutes.
Rationale: To manage epistaxis, the nurse should have the child sit up and lean forward to
prevent aspiration of blood. Continuous pressure should be applied to the soft part of the
nose (nasal bridge) for at least 10 minutes to allow a clot to form. Tilting the head back is
contraindicated as it can cause the child to swallow blood, leading to nausea or aspiration.
Question 3
A nurse is assessing a toddler who has a history of chronic otitis media. The nurse should
monitor the child for which of the following potential complications?
A) Permanent visual impairment
B) Delays in speech pattern development
C) Increased risk for sebaceous cysts
D) Immediate loss of gross motor function
E) Accelerated cognitive processing
Correct Answer: B) Risks delays in speech pattern development.
Rationale: Chronic otitis media involves recurrent inflammation and fluid accumulation in
, 2
the middle ear, which can lead to conductive hearing loss. During the critical years of
language acquisition, impaired hearing can significantly hinder the child's ability to
process sounds and imitate speech, resulting in developmental delays in speech and
language.
Question 4
A nurse is developing a plan of care for a toddler who has cerebral palsy and experiences
difficulty swallowing. Which of the following interventions should the nurse include to assist
with feeding?
A) Place the child in a reclining position during meals.
B) Use manual jaw control when feeding the toddler.
C) Discourage the use of thickened liquids.
D) Feed the child quickly to prevent fatigue.
E) Use a straw for all liquid intake.
Correct Answer: B) Use manual jaw control when feeding toddlers.
Rationale: Children with cerebral palsy often have oral-motor dysfunction, including poor
control of the jaw, tongue, and lips. Providing manual jaw control (supporting the jaw from
the front or side) helps stabilize the mouth, facilitates better chewing, and promotes safer
swallowing, thereby reducing the risk of aspiration.
Question 5
According to Erikson’s stages of psychosocial development, which of the following tasks should
the nurse expect a school-age child to master?
A) Trust vs. Mistrust
B) Autonomy vs. Shame and Doubt
C) Initiative vs. Guilt
D) Industry vs. Inferiority
E) Identity vs. Role Confusion
Correct Answer: D) School-age children master industry vs inferiority.
Rationale: The school-age child (approximately 6 to 12 years) is in the stage of Industry vs.
Inferiority. During this time, children focus on mastering new skills, succeeding in school,
and participating in activities. Success leads to a sense of competence (industry), while
repeated failure or lack of support can lead to a sense of inadequacy (inferiority).
Question 6
A nurse is teaching the parent of a female child about preventing recurrent urinary tract
infections (UTIs). Which of the following instructions should the nurse include?
A) Encourage the child to hold urine as long as possible.
B) Teach the child to wipe from back to front after voiding.
C) Administer bubble baths daily to ensure cleanliness.
D) Teach the child to wipe from front to back.
, 3
E) Limit fluid intake to reduce the frequency of urination.
Correct Answer: D) Teach child to wipe from front to back.
Rationale: The female urethra is short and located close to the anus. Wiping from front to
back (away from the urethra) prevents the introduction of E. coli and other fecal bacteria
into the urinary tract. Bubble baths should be avoided as they can irritate the urethra and
increase infection risk.
Question 7
A nurse is performing a developmental screening on a 4-year-old child. Which of the following
gross motor skills should the nurse expect the child to demonstrate?
A) Skipping on alternating feet
B) Hopping on one foot
C) Walking downstairs with alternating feet
D) Jumping rope
E) Roller skating
Correct Answer: B) 4-year-olds should be able to hop on one foot.
Rationale: By age 4, children have developed the balance and coordination necessary to hop
on one foot. Other milestones for this age include throwing a ball overhand and catching a
bounced ball. Skipping on alternating feet is typically a 5-year-old milestone.
Question 8
A nurse is providing discharge instructions to the parents of an infant who has developmental
dysplasia of the hip and is wearing a Pavlik harness. Which of the following should the nurse
include in the teaching?
A) Adjust the harness straps every 2 hours.
B) Avoid touching the skin under the straps.
C) Massage the baby under the straps once daily.
D) Remove the harness during every diaper change.
E) Apply lotion or powder under the straps to prevent friction.
Correct Answer: C) Massage baby under the straps once daily.
Rationale: Skin care is a priority for an infant in a Pavlik harness. Parents should be taught
to check the skin for redness or irritation and to gently massage the skin under the straps
once a day to stimulate circulation. Lotions and powders should be avoided as they can
cause moisture buildup and skin breakdown.
Question 9
A nurse is assessing an infant who has sudden-onset abdominal pain, "currant jelly" stools, and a
sausage-shaped mass in the upper right quadrant. Which of the following conditions should the
nurse suspect?
A) Hypertrophic pyloric stenosis
B) Hirschsprung’s disease
, 4
C) Meckel’s diverticulum
D) Intussusception
E) Appendicitis
Correct Answer: D) Requires immediate medical intervention for the infant.
Rationale: Intussusception occurs when one portion of the intestine telescopes into another.
This is a medical emergency because it can lead to bowel obstruction, ischemia, and
perforation. The classic signs include intermittent colicky pain and stools mixed with blood
and mucus (currant jelly). Immediate intervention (often an air or barium enema) is
required.
Question 10
A nurse is reviewing a list of neonatal conditions to determine if breastfeeding is appropriate.
Which of the following conditions is NOT a contraindication for breastfeeding?
A) Galactosemia
B) Hyperbilirubinemia
C) Maternal HIV (in developed countries)
D) Maternal illicit drug use
E) Maternal untreated active tuberculosis
Correct Answer: B) Condition not a contraindication for breastfeeding.
Rationale: Hyperbilirubinemia (jaundice) is not a contraindication for breastfeeding. In
fact, frequent breastfeeding (8–12 times a day) is encouraged because it promotes bowel
movements, which helps the infant excrete bilirubin. Galactosemia, however, is a strict
contraindication.
Question 11
Which of the following conditions allows a mother to continue breastfeeding her infant safely?
A) Galactosemia
B) Glycogen Storage Disease
C) Active maternal drug abuse
D) Maternal chemotherapy
E) Untreated T-cell lymphotropic virus
Correct Answer: B) Another condition not contraindicating breastfeeding.
Rationale: Glycogen storage disease does not typically require the cessation of
breastfeeding, though the infant's diet may need to be managed with supplemental
cornstarch or specific formulas later. Unlike Galactosemia, the infant can still process the
sugars in breast milk.
Question 12
A nurse is caring for an infant diagnosed with congenital hypothyroidism. How should the nurse
advise the mother regarding feeding?
A) Breastfeeding is strictly contraindicated.
