NR507 Final Exam Study Guide Overview
Questions with 100% Correct Answers |
Verified | Latest Update 2026
Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease (GERD) - ✔✔ANSWER
✔✔-Weakening of the Lower Esophageal Sphincter (LES)
leads to gastric content reflux.
GERD Risk Factors - ✔✔ANSWER ✔✔-Hiatal hernia,
obesity, smoking, pregnancy.
GERD Symptoms - ✔✔ANSWER ✔✔-Heartburn,
regurgitation, bitter taste, dysphagia.
GERD Complications - ✔✔ANSWER ✔✔-Chronic GERD can
lead to esophageal stricture.
,GERD Management - Lifestyle Modifications - ✔✔ANSWER
✔✔-'HEAD': H: Head elevated during sleep, E: Eat smaller
meals, A: Avoid trigger foods (spicy, fatty), D: Don't lie
down after eating.
GERD Management - PPIs - ✔✔ANSWER ✔✔-Proton
Pump Inhibitors are used when symptoms persist despite
lifestyle modifications.
GERD Management - Endoscopy - ✔✔ANSWER ✔✔-
Indicated if PPIs fail or severe reflux causes complications
like esophagitis.
Peptic Ulcer Disease (PUD) Pathophysiology - ✔✔ANSWER
✔✔-Mucosal damage caused by H. pylori or NSAIDs.
PUD Symptoms - Gastric Ulcers - ✔✔ANSWER ✔✔-Pain
worsens after eating.
PUD Symptoms - Duodenal Ulcers - ✔✔ANSWER ✔✔-Pain
improves temporarily with food and occurs one hour after
a meal.
, PUD Risk Factors - ✔✔ANSWER ✔✔-NSAIDs, smoking,
alcohol, bisphosphonates, taking potassium chloride.
Erosion vs. Ulcer - ✔✔ANSWER ✔✔-Erosion is limited to
mucosa; Ulcer extends to submucosa or deeper.
Appendicitis Pathophysiology - ✔✔ANSWER ✔✔-
Inflammation of the appendix due to obstruction by
fecalith, lymphoid hyperplasia, or foreign bodies.
Appendicitis Symptoms - ✔✔ANSWER ✔✔-Initial
periumbilical or epigastric pain that migrates to the right
lower quadrant (McBurney's point) and becomes
persistent and severe.
Appendicitis Complications - ✔✔ANSWER ✔✔-Perforation
leading to peritonitis or abscess formation.
Appendicitis Diagnostics - ✔✔ANSWER ✔✔-Clinical history
and physical exam, imaging (abdominal ultrasound or CT
Questions with 100% Correct Answers |
Verified | Latest Update 2026
Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease (GERD) - ✔✔ANSWER
✔✔-Weakening of the Lower Esophageal Sphincter (LES)
leads to gastric content reflux.
GERD Risk Factors - ✔✔ANSWER ✔✔-Hiatal hernia,
obesity, smoking, pregnancy.
GERD Symptoms - ✔✔ANSWER ✔✔-Heartburn,
regurgitation, bitter taste, dysphagia.
GERD Complications - ✔✔ANSWER ✔✔-Chronic GERD can
lead to esophageal stricture.
,GERD Management - Lifestyle Modifications - ✔✔ANSWER
✔✔-'HEAD': H: Head elevated during sleep, E: Eat smaller
meals, A: Avoid trigger foods (spicy, fatty), D: Don't lie
down after eating.
GERD Management - PPIs - ✔✔ANSWER ✔✔-Proton
Pump Inhibitors are used when symptoms persist despite
lifestyle modifications.
GERD Management - Endoscopy - ✔✔ANSWER ✔✔-
Indicated if PPIs fail or severe reflux causes complications
like esophagitis.
Peptic Ulcer Disease (PUD) Pathophysiology - ✔✔ANSWER
✔✔-Mucosal damage caused by H. pylori or NSAIDs.
PUD Symptoms - Gastric Ulcers - ✔✔ANSWER ✔✔-Pain
worsens after eating.
PUD Symptoms - Duodenal Ulcers - ✔✔ANSWER ✔✔-Pain
improves temporarily with food and occurs one hour after
a meal.
, PUD Risk Factors - ✔✔ANSWER ✔✔-NSAIDs, smoking,
alcohol, bisphosphonates, taking potassium chloride.
Erosion vs. Ulcer - ✔✔ANSWER ✔✔-Erosion is limited to
mucosa; Ulcer extends to submucosa or deeper.
Appendicitis Pathophysiology - ✔✔ANSWER ✔✔-
Inflammation of the appendix due to obstruction by
fecalith, lymphoid hyperplasia, or foreign bodies.
Appendicitis Symptoms - ✔✔ANSWER ✔✔-Initial
periumbilical or epigastric pain that migrates to the right
lower quadrant (McBurney's point) and becomes
persistent and severe.
Appendicitis Complications - ✔✔ANSWER ✔✔-Perforation
leading to peritonitis or abscess formation.
Appendicitis Diagnostics - ✔✔ANSWER ✔✔-Clinical history
and physical exam, imaging (abdominal ultrasound or CT
