kin 310 final UPDATED ACTUAL Questions and CORRECT
Answers
Dalton's law the total pressure of a gas mixture is equal to the sum of the pressure that each
gas would exert independently
air contains O2 (20.93%), CO2 (0.03%) & N2 (79.04%)
partial pressure of gas Partial pressure (P) of gas= fractional composition of gas x atmospheric
(barometric)pressure
At sea level, barometric pressure is ~760 mmHg
Partial pressure of O2 and CO2 and gas transport in the Partial pressure drives movement of gas across tissue, and dissolving gas in
body blood
Is there less oxygen on a mountain? • Same percentage of O2 in the air
• Lower barometric pressure at higher altitudes
• Thus, lower PO2
• Can influence gas transfer (transferring and saturating Hg with O2)
decrease in arterial O2 levels because reduced driving force of partial
pressure
, Pulmonary circulation • Has same rate of blood flow assystemic circulation but lowerpressure
• Right Q = Left Q
• When upright, most of theblood flow is to the base ofthe lung
• During exercise, increaseblood flow to lungs
• Capillary recruitment and vasodilation
• More blood flow is directed towards apex of lungs
The pressure in pulmonary circulation is less than the pressure of systemic
circulation so the heart doesn't have to work as hard and the wall is less thick.
Most of the blood goes to the bottom/base of the lungs at rest. When
exercising it spreads across the lungs due to more capillaries, vasodilation
decreases radius, leads to increased blood flow through the lungs to the apex,
making more sites for gas transfer.
Ventilation/perfusion ratio (V/Q) Ventilation, airflow / perfusion, cardiac output
• Indicates matching of ventilation to blood flow
• Ideal: ~1.0 (0.5 is adequate for rest)
Apex of lung at rest, Under perfused (ratio >1.0)
numerator bigger
Base of lung at rest, Over perfused (ratio <1.0)
more blood flow, not matching ventilation. denominator bigger
During exercise • Light exercise improves V/Q ratio
• Heavy exercise results in V/Q inequality (hypoxemia)
as you exercise, 0.5 increases towards 1 because you're doing capillary
recruitment
Ventilation/perfusion ratios at rest, Blood flow decreases as you get to the higher ribs because capillaries
are not recruited in higher apex and there's gravity working
O2 transport in the blood • 1% dissolved
• 99% bound to hemoglobin (Hb)
• O2 carry molecule in erythrocyte
• 1 Hb can carry 4 O2
• Oxyhemoglobin = O2 bound to Hb
• Deoxyhemoglobin = Hb without O2
alveoli>capillaries>Hb
Males have more Hb because of testosterones ability to generate Hb. More
MET active tissue due to testosterone. More O2 carrying capacity. males can
consume more O2 than females.
Answers
Dalton's law the total pressure of a gas mixture is equal to the sum of the pressure that each
gas would exert independently
air contains O2 (20.93%), CO2 (0.03%) & N2 (79.04%)
partial pressure of gas Partial pressure (P) of gas= fractional composition of gas x atmospheric
(barometric)pressure
At sea level, barometric pressure is ~760 mmHg
Partial pressure of O2 and CO2 and gas transport in the Partial pressure drives movement of gas across tissue, and dissolving gas in
body blood
Is there less oxygen on a mountain? • Same percentage of O2 in the air
• Lower barometric pressure at higher altitudes
• Thus, lower PO2
• Can influence gas transfer (transferring and saturating Hg with O2)
decrease in arterial O2 levels because reduced driving force of partial
pressure
, Pulmonary circulation • Has same rate of blood flow assystemic circulation but lowerpressure
• Right Q = Left Q
• When upright, most of theblood flow is to the base ofthe lung
• During exercise, increaseblood flow to lungs
• Capillary recruitment and vasodilation
• More blood flow is directed towards apex of lungs
The pressure in pulmonary circulation is less than the pressure of systemic
circulation so the heart doesn't have to work as hard and the wall is less thick.
Most of the blood goes to the bottom/base of the lungs at rest. When
exercising it spreads across the lungs due to more capillaries, vasodilation
decreases radius, leads to increased blood flow through the lungs to the apex,
making more sites for gas transfer.
Ventilation/perfusion ratio (V/Q) Ventilation, airflow / perfusion, cardiac output
• Indicates matching of ventilation to blood flow
• Ideal: ~1.0 (0.5 is adequate for rest)
Apex of lung at rest, Under perfused (ratio >1.0)
numerator bigger
Base of lung at rest, Over perfused (ratio <1.0)
more blood flow, not matching ventilation. denominator bigger
During exercise • Light exercise improves V/Q ratio
• Heavy exercise results in V/Q inequality (hypoxemia)
as you exercise, 0.5 increases towards 1 because you're doing capillary
recruitment
Ventilation/perfusion ratios at rest, Blood flow decreases as you get to the higher ribs because capillaries
are not recruited in higher apex and there's gravity working
O2 transport in the blood • 1% dissolved
• 99% bound to hemoglobin (Hb)
• O2 carry molecule in erythrocyte
• 1 Hb can carry 4 O2
• Oxyhemoglobin = O2 bound to Hb
• Deoxyhemoglobin = Hb without O2
alveoli>capillaries>Hb
Males have more Hb because of testosterones ability to generate Hb. More
MET active tissue due to testosterone. More O2 carrying capacity. males can
consume more O2 than females.
