MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS CERTIFIED
SPECIALIST PRACTICE SOLUTION SHEET
2026 QUESTIONS WITH CORRECT
ANSWERS
●● Myelin damage vs axonal damage? Answer: Myelin can restore itself
Axons can't
●● Primary structures involved in MS? Answer: Brain, optic nerves,
spinal cord
●● Wat is the MN non-traumatic cause of neurological disability in
young adults? Answer: MS
●● What is the peak onset of MS? gender predilection Answer: 20-40
YO; male 3: female 1q
●● What type of MS are women more. likely to get? Men? Answer:
Women: relapsing
Men: progressive
●● What gene is strongly associated with MS? Answer: HLA-DRB1
, ●● What environmental factors are believed to be linked to MS? (5)
Answer: Low Vit D levels/limited sun exposure
Residence in temperate climates < 15 YO
Epstein-Barr
Smoking
Childhood/Adolescence obesity
●● What is the Uhthoff Phenomenon Answer: Heat sensitivity;
worsening of MS symptoms with increased core body temp from
exercise, hot shower, hot meal, etc
●● What is the cause of MS? Answer: Cell mediated (t and B cell)
autoimmune disease with early neurological degeneration (Abs against
myelin Ags)
Activated lymphocytes against myelin cross the BBB
Inflammatory cytokines, Abs, and complement damage myelin and
oligodendrocytes
SPECIALIST PRACTICE SOLUTION SHEET
2026 QUESTIONS WITH CORRECT
ANSWERS
●● Myelin damage vs axonal damage? Answer: Myelin can restore itself
Axons can't
●● Primary structures involved in MS? Answer: Brain, optic nerves,
spinal cord
●● Wat is the MN non-traumatic cause of neurological disability in
young adults? Answer: MS
●● What is the peak onset of MS? gender predilection Answer: 20-40
YO; male 3: female 1q
●● What type of MS are women more. likely to get? Men? Answer:
Women: relapsing
Men: progressive
●● What gene is strongly associated with MS? Answer: HLA-DRB1
, ●● What environmental factors are believed to be linked to MS? (5)
Answer: Low Vit D levels/limited sun exposure
Residence in temperate climates < 15 YO
Epstein-Barr
Smoking
Childhood/Adolescence obesity
●● What is the Uhthoff Phenomenon Answer: Heat sensitivity;
worsening of MS symptoms with increased core body temp from
exercise, hot shower, hot meal, etc
●● What is the cause of MS? Answer: Cell mediated (t and B cell)
autoimmune disease with early neurological degeneration (Abs against
myelin Ags)
Activated lymphocytes against myelin cross the BBB
Inflammatory cytokines, Abs, and complement damage myelin and
oligodendrocytes
