MCA 1 EXAM
MCA 1 EXAM 2 GRADED A+
Influenza ANS >> a highly contagious upper respiratory viral
infection
Flu season ANS >> September to April; peaks Nov-March
Influenza viruses’ serotypes ANS >> Type A, B, & C; each has
a slightly different genome and surface proteins
Hem agglutin (H) & neuraminidase (N) ANS >> Antigens
present on influenza virus; H allows the virus to enter the
cell & N allows the virus to spread; Type A Influenza has
the most variety of H & N antigens
,MCA 1 EXAM
Type A Influenza ANS >> - the most virulent and contagious
Influenza
- Contains H & N antigens
- Many animals can be a vector for it
- Mutates often and has many different strains
Antigenic Shift ANS >> When a virus previously impacting
animals, mutates to be able to infect humans; occurs
when the animals become infected with two different
types of viruses that combine together to form a new
strain of virus; since it's a new strain humans will not
have immunity against it; is responsible for many recent
pandemics
Why is the Flu shot needed annually? ANS >> There are
several different strains of the virus; the strain presents
each year is different than the one last year; it can be
completely new or one not present for a long time, so the
vaccine would not protect against the strain
, MCA 1 EXAM
How does Influenza spread? ANS >> - From infected animals
to humans via direct contact or indirect content (i.e.
faces)
- From human to human via inhaled droplets from
sneezing or coughing or direct contact with contaminated
surfaces
Influenza Clinical Manifestations ANS >> - Adur onset of
chills, fever, and myalgia
- Headache, cough, sore throat, and fatigue
- Lung sounds normal unless complications present
Influenza Complications ANS >> - Pneumonia (viral or
secondary bacterial)
- Ear or sinus infections
- Dehydration (particularly in older adults)
- Acute otitis media (ear infection)
- Sinusitis
- Bronchiolitis
- Reye syndrome (in children who take Aspirin)
MCA 1 EXAM 2 GRADED A+
Influenza ANS >> a highly contagious upper respiratory viral
infection
Flu season ANS >> September to April; peaks Nov-March
Influenza viruses’ serotypes ANS >> Type A, B, & C; each has
a slightly different genome and surface proteins
Hem agglutin (H) & neuraminidase (N) ANS >> Antigens
present on influenza virus; H allows the virus to enter the
cell & N allows the virus to spread; Type A Influenza has
the most variety of H & N antigens
,MCA 1 EXAM
Type A Influenza ANS >> - the most virulent and contagious
Influenza
- Contains H & N antigens
- Many animals can be a vector for it
- Mutates often and has many different strains
Antigenic Shift ANS >> When a virus previously impacting
animals, mutates to be able to infect humans; occurs
when the animals become infected with two different
types of viruses that combine together to form a new
strain of virus; since it's a new strain humans will not
have immunity against it; is responsible for many recent
pandemics
Why is the Flu shot needed annually? ANS >> There are
several different strains of the virus; the strain presents
each year is different than the one last year; it can be
completely new or one not present for a long time, so the
vaccine would not protect against the strain
, MCA 1 EXAM
How does Influenza spread? ANS >> - From infected animals
to humans via direct contact or indirect content (i.e.
faces)
- From human to human via inhaled droplets from
sneezing or coughing or direct contact with contaminated
surfaces
Influenza Clinical Manifestations ANS >> - Adur onset of
chills, fever, and myalgia
- Headache, cough, sore throat, and fatigue
- Lung sounds normal unless complications present
Influenza Complications ANS >> - Pneumonia (viral or
secondary bacterial)
- Ear or sinus infections
- Dehydration (particularly in older adults)
- Acute otitis media (ear infection)
- Sinusitis
- Bronchiolitis
- Reye syndrome (in children who take Aspirin)
